See drifan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ādrīfan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bedrīfan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fordrīfan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oferdrīfan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tōdrīfan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þurhdrīfan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "driven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: driven, drifen, drifven\nEnglish: drive\nScots: dryve\nYola: dhreeve, dhrive, dreeve, drieve, drive",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: driven, drifen, drifven\nEnglish: drive\nScots: dryve\nYola: dhreeve, dhrive, dreeve, drieve, drive"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreybʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*drīban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *drīban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drībaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drībaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreybʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to drive, push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "drīva"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian drīva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "driuwe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian driuwe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "drīvan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon drīvan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "drieven"
},
"expansion": "Low German drieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drijven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drijven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "trīban"
},
"expansion": "Old High German trīban",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "treiben"
},
"expansion": "German treiben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "drífa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse drífa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "drive"
},
"expansion": "Danish drive",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "driva"
},
"expansion": "Swedish driva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (dreiban)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”).\nCognate with Old Frisian drīva (West Frisian driuwe), Old Saxon drīvan, drīƀan (Low German drieven), Dutch drijven, Old High German trīban (German treiben), Old Norse drífa (Danish drive, Swedish driva), Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (dreiban).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drīfan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drāf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drife",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drāf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drifon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drife",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drifen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drīf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drifen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġedrifen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drīfan"
},
"expansion": "drīfan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drīfan<s1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "drǣfan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "drāf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "*drift"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ġedrif"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ġedrīf"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to drive; force, pursue; drive (back); push"
],
"id": "en-drifan-ang-verb-jmXL7ZPT",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"pursue",
"pursue"
],
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to drive; force, pursue; drive (back); push"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to drive; rush with violence"
],
"id": "en-drifan-ang-verb-xfls~HGC",
"links": [
[
"rush",
"rush"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to drive; rush with violence"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdriː.fɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdriː.vɑn]"
}
],
"word": "drifan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 1 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰreybʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ādrīfan"
},
{
"word": "bedrīfan"
},
{
"word": "fordrīfan"
},
{
"word": "oferdrīfan"
},
{
"word": "tōdrīfan"
},
{
"word": "þurhdrīfan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "driven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: driven, drifen, drifven\nEnglish: drive\nScots: dryve\nYola: dhreeve, dhrive, dreeve, drieve, drive",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: driven, drifen, drifven\nEnglish: drive\nScots: dryve\nYola: dhreeve, dhrive, dreeve, drieve, drive"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreybʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*drīban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *drīban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drībaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drībaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreybʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to drive, push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "drīva"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian drīva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "driuwe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian driuwe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "drīvan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon drīvan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "drieven"
},
"expansion": "Low German drieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drijven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drijven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "trīban"
},
"expansion": "Old High German trīban",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "treiben"
},
"expansion": "German treiben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "drífa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse drífa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "drive"
},
"expansion": "Danish drive",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "driva"
},
"expansion": "Swedish driva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (dreiban)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”).\nCognate with Old Frisian drīva (West Frisian driuwe), Old Saxon drīvan, drīƀan (Low German drieven), Dutch drijven, Old High German trīban (German treiben), Old Norse drífa (Danish drive, Swedish driva), Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (dreiban).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drīfan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drāf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drife",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drāf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drifon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drife",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drifen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drīf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drīfende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drifen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġedrifen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drīfan"
},
"expansion": "drīfan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drīfan<s1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "drǣfan"
},
{
"word": "drāf"
},
{
"word": "*drift"
},
{
"word": "ġedrif"
},
{
"word": "ġedrīf"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to drive; force, pursue; drive (back); push"
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"pursue",
"pursue"
],
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to drive; force, pursue; drive (back); push"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to drive; rush with violence"
],
"links": [
[
"rush",
"rush"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to drive; rush with violence"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdriː.fɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdriː.vɑn]"
}
],
"word": "drifan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drifan meaning in Old English (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.