See crafian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "craven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave\nEnglish: crave\nScots: crave\nYola: crave",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave\nEnglish: crave\nScots: crave\nYola: crave"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krafōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krafōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krafjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krafjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "krǫf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse krǫf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably Proto-West Germanic *krafōn, modification of Proto-Germanic *krafjaną.\nDerivation from Old Norse krǫf (< *krafō) or krafa (both \"demand\"), is also possible, but usually now rejected.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "crafian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crafienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crafiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crafode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crafiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crafodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crafiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafiġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crafoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crafa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crafiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crafod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġecrafod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crafian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crafian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 15 38 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to crave"
],
"id": "en-crafian-ang-verb-NW8U6ijF",
"links": [
[
"crave",
"crave"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 15 38 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to ask, implore"
],
"id": "en-crafian-ang-verb-GiaUuWWd",
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"implore",
"implore"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 18 36 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 38 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 21 32 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to demand"
],
"id": "en-crafian-ang-verb-alQeyGZU",
"links": [
[
"demand",
"demand"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "ang:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 38 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to summon"
],
"id": "en-crafian-ang-verb-6Aj~CTcq",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"summon",
"summon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) to summon"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɑ.fi.ɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkrɑ.vi.ɑn]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "crafiġean"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cræfian"
}
],
"word": "crafian"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "craven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave\nEnglish: crave\nScots: crave\nYola: crave",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave\nEnglish: crave\nScots: crave\nYola: crave"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krafōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krafōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krafjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krafjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "krǫf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse krǫf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably Proto-West Germanic *krafōn, modification of Proto-Germanic *krafjaną.\nDerivation from Old Norse krǫf (< *krafō) or krafa (both \"demand\"), is also possible, but usually now rejected.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "crafian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crafienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crafiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crafode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crafiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crafodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crafiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafiġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crafoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crafa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crafiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crafiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crafod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġecrafod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crafian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crafian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to crave"
],
"links": [
[
"crave",
"crave"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to ask, implore"
],
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"implore",
"implore"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to demand"
],
"links": [
[
"demand",
"demand"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ang:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"to summon"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"summon",
"summon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) to summon"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɑ.fi.ɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkrɑ.vi.ɑn]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crafiġean"
},
{
"word": "cræfian"
}
],
"word": "crafian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crafian meaning in Old English (3.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.