cnif in Old English

IPA: /kniːf/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: This word is the expected reflex of Proto-Germanic *knībaz (“knife”), but it is not attested until the 11th century and earlier Old English instead used seax and meteseax (cognate with German Messer), so some suspect that cnīf was borrowed from or reinforced by Old Norse knífr. Cognate with Middle Low German knīf, Middle Dutch cnijf (Dutch knijf), German Kneif. Etymology templates: {{der|ang|gem-pro|*knībaz||knife}} Proto-Germanic *knībaz (“knife”), {{cog|de|Messer}} German Messer, {{cog|non|knífr}} Old Norse knífr, {{cog|gml|knīf}} Middle Low German knīf, {{cog|dum|cnijf}} Middle Dutch cnijf, {{cog|nl|knijf}} Dutch knijf, {{cog|de|Kneif}} German Kneif Head templates: {{head|ang|nouns|||||g=m|g2=|g3=|head=cnīf|sort=}} cnīf m, {{ang-noun|m|head=cnīf}} cnīf m Inflection templates: {{ang-decl-noun-a-m|cnīf}}, {{ang-decl-noun|cnīf|cnīfas|cnīf|cnīfas|cnīfes|cnīfa|cnīfe|cnīfum|num=|title=|type=strong a-stem}} Forms: cnīf [canonical, masculine], strong [table-tags], cnīf [nominative, singular], cnīfas [nominative, plural], cnīf [accusative, singular], cnīfas [accusative, plural], cnīfes [genitive, singular], cnīfa [genitive, plural], cnīfe [dative, singular], cnīfum [dative, plural]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "knyf",
            "3": "knif"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: knyf, knif",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: knyf, knif"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "knyfe",
            "3": "knife"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: knyfe, knife",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: knyfe, knife"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "knife"
          },
          "expansion": "English: knife",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: knife"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "srn",
            "2": "nefi"
          },
          "expansion": "Sranan Tongo: nefi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sranan Tongo: nefi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "kunnife"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: kunnife",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: kunnife"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "canif",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: canif",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: canif"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*knībaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "knife"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *knībaz (“knife”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Messer"
      },
      "expansion": "German Messer",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "knífr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse knífr",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "knīf"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German knīf",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "cnijf"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch cnijf",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "knijf"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch knijf",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kneif"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kneif",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "This word is the expected reflex of Proto-Germanic *knībaz (“knife”), but it is not attested until the 11th century and earlier Old English instead used seax and meteseax (cognate with German Messer), so some suspect that cnīf was borrowed from or reinforced by Old Norse knífr. Cognate with Middle Low German knīf, Middle Dutch cnijf (Dutch knijf), German Kneif.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cnīf",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīf",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīfas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīf",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīfas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīfes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīfa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīfe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīfum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "cnīf",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "cnīf m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "head": "cnīf"
      },
      "expansion": "cnīf m",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cnīf"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cnīf",
        "2": "cnīfas",
        "3": "cnīf",
        "4": "cnīfas",
        "5": "cnīfes",
        "6": "cnīfa",
        "7": "cnīfe",
        "8": "cnīfum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong a-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ang",
          "name": "Tools",
          "orig": "ang:Tools",
          "parents": [
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ang",
          "name": "Weapons",
          "orig": "ang:Weapons",
          "parents": [
            "Hunting",
            "Military",
            "Tools",
            "Human activity",
            "Society",
            "Technology",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "knife"
      ],
      "id": "en-cnif-ang-noun-PU0QHNfq",
      "links": [
        [
          "knife",
          "knife"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kniːf/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cnif"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "knyf",
            "3": "knif"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: knyf, knif",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: knyf, knif"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "knyfe",
            "3": "knife"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: knyfe, knife",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: knyfe, knife"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "knife"
          },
          "expansion": "English: knife",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: knife"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "srn",
            "2": "nefi"
          },
          "expansion": "Sranan Tongo: nefi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sranan Tongo: nefi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "kunnife"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: kunnife",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: kunnife"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "canif",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: canif",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: canif"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*knībaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "knife"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *knībaz (“knife”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Messer"
      },
      "expansion": "German Messer",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "knífr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse knífr",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "knīf"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German knīf",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "cnijf"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch cnijf",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "knijf"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch knijf",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kneif"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kneif",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "This word is the expected reflex of Proto-Germanic *knībaz (“knife”), but it is not attested until the 11th century and earlier Old English instead used seax and meteseax (cognate with German Messer), so some suspect that cnīf was borrowed from or reinforced by Old Norse knífr. Cognate with Middle Low German knīf, Middle Dutch cnijf (Dutch knijf), German Kneif.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cnīf",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīf",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīfas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīf",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīfas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīfes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīfa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīfe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cnīfum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "cnīf",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "cnīf m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "head": "cnīf"
      },
      "expansion": "cnīf m",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cnīf"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cnīf",
        "2": "cnīfas",
        "3": "cnīf",
        "4": "cnīfas",
        "5": "cnīfes",
        "6": "cnīfa",
        "7": "cnīfe",
        "8": "cnīfum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong a-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old English lemmas",
        "Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
        "Old English masculine nouns",
        "Old English nouns",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "ang:Tools",
        "ang:Weapons"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "knife"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "knife",
          "knife"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kniːf/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cnif"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"cnif" meaning in Old English

Noun