See ar in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ar meaning in Old English (13.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ore",
"alts": "1",
"id": "honour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ore, oore, or, ȝore; aore, are, ære (Early Middle English); ar, are (Northern)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ore, oore, or, ȝore; aore, are, ære (Early Middle English); ar, are (Northern)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "honour"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*aiʀu",
"4": "",
"5": "respect, honour"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu (“respect, honour”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Ehre"
},
"expansion": "German Ehre",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu (“respect, honour”). Cognate with German Ehre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ār",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "ār",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ār f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "ār"
},
"expansion": "ār f",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ār"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ār",
"2": "āra,āre",
"3": "āre",
"4": "āra,āre",
"5": "āre",
"6": "āra",
"7": "āre",
"8": "ārum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"english": "help, kindness",
"word": "ārstafas"
},
{
"english": "worldly honour",
"word": "woroldār"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A loner oft waits a grace for himself,\nCreator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful",
"text": "Exeter Book, The Wanderer\nOft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,\nMetudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdcearig",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"honour, glory, grace"
],
"id": "en-ar-ang-noun-sy9ka~Ww",
"links": [
[
"honour",
"honour"
],
[
"glory",
"glory"
],
[
"grace",
"grace"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "āre"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑːr/"
}
],
"word": "ar"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ore",
"id": "ore",
"qq": "merged with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">ōra</i>"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ore (merged with ōra)\nEnglish: ore\nScots: ure, uir",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ore (merged with ōra)\nEnglish: ore\nScots: ure, uir"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "brass"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*aiʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *aiʀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "eir",
"3": "",
"4": "brass, copper"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse eir (“brass, copper”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ehern",
"3": "",
"4": "of metal, of iron"
},
"expansion": "German ehern (“of metal, of iron”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌹𐌶",
"3": "",
"4": "ore"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌶 (aiz, “ore”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*áyos",
"4": "*áyos, h₂éyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *áyos, h₂éyos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "oer",
"3": "",
"4": "iron-holding earth"
},
"expansion": "Dutch oer (“iron-holding earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "aes",
"3": "",
"4": "bronze, copper"
},
"expansion": "Latin aes (“bronze, copper”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (aiiah)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अयस्",
"3": "",
"4": "copper, iron",
"tr": "áyas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अयस् (áyas, “copper, iron”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Proto-West Germanic *aiʀ. Cognate with Old Norse eir (“brass, copper”), German ehern (“of metal, of iron”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌶 (aiz, “ore”), from Proto-Indo-European *áyos, h₂éyos. Compare Dutch oer (“iron-holding earth”). Compare Latin aes (“bronze, copper”), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (aiiah), Sanskrit अयस् (áyas, “copper, iron”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ār",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "ār",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ār n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"head": "ār"
},
"expansion": "ār n",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ār"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ār",
"2": "ār",
"3": "ār",
"4": "ār",
"5": "āres",
"6": "āra",
"7": "āre",
"8": "ārum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ore, brass, copper"
],
"id": "en-ar-ang-noun-EZGnI3EU",
"links": [
[
"ore",
"ore"
],
[
"brass",
"brass"
],
[
"copper",
"copper"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑːr/"
}
],
"word": "ar"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ore",
"id": "oar"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ore, hore, oore; are, aurre (Northern)\nEnglish: oar\nScots: air",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ore, hore, oore; are, aurre (Northern)\nEnglish: oar\nScots: air"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "oar"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*airu",
"4": "",
"5": "oar",
"id": "oar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *airu (“oar”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*airō",
"4": "",
"5": "oar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ár"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ár",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "åre"
},
"expansion": "Danish åre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "åra"
},
"expansion": "Swedish åra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Proto-West Germanic *airu (“oar”), from Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”). Cognate with Old Norse ár, Danish åre, Swedish åra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ār",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "ār",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ār f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "ār"
},
"expansion": "ār f",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ār"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ār",
"2": "āra,āre",
"3": "āre",
"4": "āra,āre",
"5": "āre",
"6": "āra",
"7": "āre",
"8": "ārum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"oar"
],
"id": "en-ar-ang-noun-IeX4mml1",
"links": [
[
"oar",
"oar"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑːr/"
}
],
"word": "ar"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "messenger"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*airu",
"4": "",
"5": "messenger",
"id": "messenger"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *airu (“messenger”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*airuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *airuz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "eru",
"3": "ēru"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ēru",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "árr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse árr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Proto-West Germanic *airu (“messenger”), from Proto-Germanic *airuz. Cognate with Old Saxon ēru, Old Norse árr, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ār",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "ār",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ār m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "ār"
},
"expansion": "ār m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ār"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ār",
"2": "āras",
"3": "ār",
"4": "āras",
"5": "āres",
"6": "āra",
"7": "āre",
"8": "ārum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 1 16 47 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 2 13 47 2 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 3 24 40 3 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "ang:Metals",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Metallurgy",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am Hrothgar's herald and officer.",
"ref": "8ᵗʰ-11ᵗʰ century, Beowulf, ll. 335-6",
"text": "Ic eom Hroðgares ar ond ombiht.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"messenger, herald"
],
"id": "en-ar-ang-noun-iq3mIg4D",
"links": [
[
"messenger",
"messenger"
],
[
"herald",
"herald"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"angel"
],
"id": "en-ar-ang-noun-UZupGlpb",
"links": [
[
"angel",
"angel"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"missionary"
],
"id": "en-ar-ang-noun-3eddU~Qp",
"links": [
[
"missionary",
"missionary"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑːr/"
}
],
"word": "ar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine nouns",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Old Saxon links with redundant target parameters",
"ang:Metals"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "help, kindness",
"word": "ārstafas"
},
{
"english": "worldly honour",
"word": "woroldār"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ore",
"alts": "1",
"id": "honour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ore, oore, or, ȝore; aore, are, ære (Early Middle English); ar, are (Northern)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ore, oore, or, ȝore; aore, are, ære (Early Middle English); ar, are (Northern)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "honour"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*aiʀu",
"4": "",
"5": "respect, honour"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu (“respect, honour”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Ehre"
},
"expansion": "German Ehre",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu (“respect, honour”). Cognate with German Ehre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ār",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "ār",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ār f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "ār"
},
"expansion": "ār f",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ār"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ār",
"2": "āra,āre",
"3": "āre",
"4": "āra,āre",
"5": "āre",
"6": "āra",
"7": "āre",
"8": "ārum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A loner oft waits a grace for himself,\nCreator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful",
"text": "Exeter Book, The Wanderer\nOft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,\nMetudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdcearig",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"honour, glory, grace"
],
"links": [
[
"honour",
"honour"
],
[
"glory",
"glory"
],
[
"grace",
"grace"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑːr/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "āre"
}
],
"word": "ar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English neuter a-stem nouns",
"Old English neuter nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Saxon links with redundant target parameters",
"ang:Metals"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ore",
"id": "ore",
"qq": "merged with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">ōra</i>"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ore (merged with ōra)\nEnglish: ore\nScots: ure, uir",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ore (merged with ōra)\nEnglish: ore\nScots: ure, uir"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "brass"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*aiʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *aiʀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "eir",
"3": "",
"4": "brass, copper"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse eir (“brass, copper”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ehern",
"3": "",
"4": "of metal, of iron"
},
"expansion": "German ehern (“of metal, of iron”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌹𐌶",
"3": "",
"4": "ore"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌶 (aiz, “ore”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*áyos",
"4": "*áyos, h₂éyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *áyos, h₂éyos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "oer",
"3": "",
"4": "iron-holding earth"
},
"expansion": "Dutch oer (“iron-holding earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "aes",
"3": "",
"4": "bronze, copper"
},
"expansion": "Latin aes (“bronze, copper”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (aiiah)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अयस्",
"3": "",
"4": "copper, iron",
"tr": "áyas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अयस् (áyas, “copper, iron”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Proto-West Germanic *aiʀ. Cognate with Old Norse eir (“brass, copper”), German ehern (“of metal, of iron”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌶 (aiz, “ore”), from Proto-Indo-European *áyos, h₂éyos. Compare Dutch oer (“iron-holding earth”). Compare Latin aes (“bronze, copper”), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (aiiah), Sanskrit अयस् (áyas, “copper, iron”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ār",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "ār",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ār n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"head": "ār"
},
"expansion": "ār n",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ār"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ār",
"2": "ār",
"3": "ār",
"4": "ār",
"5": "āres",
"6": "āra",
"7": "āre",
"8": "ārum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ore, brass, copper"
],
"links": [
[
"ore",
"ore"
],
[
"brass",
"brass"
],
[
"copper",
"copper"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑːr/"
}
],
"word": "ar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine nouns",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Old Saxon links with redundant target parameters",
"ang:Metals"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ore",
"id": "oar"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ore, hore, oore; are, aurre (Northern)\nEnglish: oar\nScots: air",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ore, hore, oore; are, aurre (Northern)\nEnglish: oar\nScots: air"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "oar"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*airu",
"4": "",
"5": "oar",
"id": "oar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *airu (“oar”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*airō",
"4": "",
"5": "oar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ár"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ár",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "åre"
},
"expansion": "Danish åre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "åra"
},
"expansion": "Swedish åra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Proto-West Germanic *airu (“oar”), from Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”). Cognate with Old Norse ár, Danish åre, Swedish åra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ār",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "ār",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ār f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "ār"
},
"expansion": "ār f",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ār"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ār",
"2": "āra,āre",
"3": "āre",
"4": "āra,āre",
"5": "āre",
"6": "āra",
"7": "āre",
"8": "ārum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"oar"
],
"links": [
[
"oar",
"oar"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑːr/"
}
],
"word": "ar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Saxon links with redundant target parameters",
"ang:Metals"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "messenger"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*airu",
"4": "",
"5": "messenger",
"id": "messenger"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *airu (“messenger”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*airuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *airuz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "eru",
"3": "ēru"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ēru",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "árr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse árr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Proto-West Germanic *airu (“messenger”), from Proto-Germanic *airuz. Cognate with Old Saxon ēru, Old Norse árr, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ār",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ār",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "āre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "ār",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ār m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "ār"
},
"expansion": "ār m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ār"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ār",
"2": "āras",
"3": "ār",
"4": "āras",
"5": "āres",
"6": "āra",
"7": "āre",
"8": "ārum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am Hrothgar's herald and officer.",
"ref": "8ᵗʰ-11ᵗʰ century, Beowulf, ll. 335-6",
"text": "Ic eom Hroðgares ar ond ombiht.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"messenger, herald"
],
"links": [
[
"messenger",
"messenger"
],
[
"herald",
"herald"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"angel"
],
"links": [
[
"angel",
"angel"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"missionary"
],
"links": [
[
"missionary",
"missionary"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑːr/"
}
],
"word": "ar"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.