-nian in Old English

IPA: /ni.ɑn/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *-inōn, from Proto-Germanic *-inōną. Compare Old Frisian -nia, Old Saxon -nōn, Old High German -inōn, Old Norse -na. Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*-inōn}} Proto-West Germanic *-inōn, {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*-inōną}} Proto-Germanic *-inōną, {{cog|ofs|-nia}} Old Frisian -nia, {{cog|osx|-nōn}} Old Saxon -nōn, {{cog|goh|-inōn}} Old High German -inōn, {{cog|non|-na}} Old Norse -na Head templates: {{head|ang|suffix|cat2=|head=|head2=|sort=}} -nian, {{ang-suffix}} -nian Inflection templates: {{ang-conj|-nian<w2>}} Forms: weak [table-tags], -nian [infinitive], -nienne [infinitive], -niġe [first-person, present, singular], -node [first-person, past, singular], -nast [present, second-person, singular], -nodest [past, second-person, singular], -naþ [present, singular, third-person], -node [past, singular, third-person], -niaþ [plural, present], -nodon [past, plural], -niġe [present, singular], -node [past, singular], -niġen [plural, present], -noden [past, plural], -na [imperative, past, present, singular], -niaþ [imperative, past, plural, present], -niende [imperative, present], -nod [imperative, past], ġe-nod [imperative, past]

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "-nien",
            "3": "-enien",
            "4": "-nen",
            "5": "-enen",
            "6": "-en"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: -nien, -enien, -nen, -enen, -en",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: -nien, -enien, -nen, -enen, -en"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "-en"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: -en",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: -en"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-en"
          },
          "expansion": "English: -en",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: -en"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-inōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-inōn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-inōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inōną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "-nia"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian -nia",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "-nōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon -nōn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "-inōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -inōn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "-na"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse -na",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-inōn, from Proto-Germanic *-inōną. Compare Old Frisian -nia, Old Saxon -nōn, Old High German -inōn, Old Norse -na.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-nian",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-nienne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-niġe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-node",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-nast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-nodest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-naþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-node",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-niaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-nodon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-niġe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-node",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-niġen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-noden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-na",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-niaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-niende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-nod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġe-nod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-nian",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-nian",
      "name": "ang-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-nian<w2>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "lǣċe (“physician, doctor”) + -nian → lācnian (“to heal”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffix applied to nouns and adjectives to form verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--nian-ang-suffix-Sac-qK~C",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ni.ɑn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-nian"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "-nien",
            "3": "-enien",
            "4": "-nen",
            "5": "-enen",
            "6": "-en"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: -nien, -enien, -nen, -enen, -en",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: -nien, -enien, -nen, -enen, -en"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "-en"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: -en",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: -en"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-en"
          },
          "expansion": "English: -en",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: -en"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-inōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-inōn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-inōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inōną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "-nia"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian -nia",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "-nōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon -nōn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "-inōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -inōn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "-na"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse -na",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-inōn, from Proto-Germanic *-inōną. Compare Old Frisian -nia, Old Saxon -nōn, Old High German -inōn, Old Norse -na.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-nian",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-nienne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-niġe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-node",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-nast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-nodest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-naþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-node",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-niaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-nodon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-niġe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-node",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-niġen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-noden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-na",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-niaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-niende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-nod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġe-nod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-nian",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-nian",
      "name": "ang-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-nian<w2>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English class 2 weak verbs",
        "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old English lemmas",
        "Old English suffixes",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Old English verb-forming suffixes"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "lǣċe (“physician, doctor”) + -nian → lācnian (“to heal”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffix applied to nouns and adjectives to form verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ni.ɑn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-nian"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"-nian" meaning in Old English

Suffix