See -gian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "-ien",
"11": "-yen",
"2": "-gien",
"3": "-gen",
"4": "-ȝen",
"5": "-ȝhen",
"6": "-wen",
"7": "-ewen",
"8": "-owen",
"9": "-iȝen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -gien, -gen, -ȝen, -ȝhen, -wen, -ewen, -owen, -iȝen, -ien, -yen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non-productive"
},
"expansion": "(non-productive)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -gien, -gen, -ȝen, -ȝhen, -wen, -ewen, -owen, -iȝen, -ien, -yen (non-productive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ew",
"3": "-ow",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "English: -ew, -ow, -y",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "English: -ew, -ow, -y (fossilised)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ow",
"3": "-ou",
"4": "-o",
"5": "-ov",
"6": "-ie",
"7": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -ow, -ou, -o, -ov, -ie, -y",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -ow, -ou, -o, -ov, -ie, -y (fossilised)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-igōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-igōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-gōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-gōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-iġ",
"3": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "-iġ + -ian",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-igōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -igōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ga"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ga",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the fusion of Proto-West Germanic *-igōn, *-īgōn, *-agōn, *-ugōn, from Proto-Germanic *-gōną, equivalent to -iġ + -ian. Cognate with Old High German -igōn, -agōn, Old Norse -ga.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-gian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-gienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-giġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-godest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-gode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-giaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-godon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-giġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-giġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-goden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-giaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-giende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-god",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġe-god",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-gian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-gian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English terms suffixed with -ig",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives, often with an intensive effect"
],
"id": "en--gian-ang-suffix-bxpAMaY2",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-egian"
},
{
"word": "-igian"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡi.ɑn/"
}
],
"word": "-gian"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "-ien",
"11": "-yen",
"2": "-gien",
"3": "-gen",
"4": "-ȝen",
"5": "-ȝhen",
"6": "-wen",
"7": "-ewen",
"8": "-owen",
"9": "-iȝen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -gien, -gen, -ȝen, -ȝhen, -wen, -ewen, -owen, -iȝen, -ien, -yen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non-productive"
},
"expansion": "(non-productive)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -gien, -gen, -ȝen, -ȝhen, -wen, -ewen, -owen, -iȝen, -ien, -yen (non-productive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ew",
"3": "-ow",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "English: -ew, -ow, -y",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "English: -ew, -ow, -y (fossilised)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ow",
"3": "-ou",
"4": "-o",
"5": "-ov",
"6": "-ie",
"7": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -ow, -ou, -o, -ov, -ie, -y",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fossilised"
},
"expansion": "(fossilised)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -ow, -ou, -o, -ov, -ie, -y (fossilised)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-igōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-igōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-gōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-gōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-iġ",
"3": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "-iġ + -ian",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-igōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -igōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ga"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ga",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the fusion of Proto-West Germanic *-igōn, *-īgōn, *-agōn, *-ugōn, from Proto-Germanic *-gōną, equivalent to -iġ + -ian. Cognate with Old High German -igōn, -agōn, Old Norse -ga.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-gian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-gienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-giġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-godest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-gode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-giaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-godon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-giġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-gode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-giġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-goden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ga",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-giaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-giende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-god",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġe-god",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-gian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-gian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
"Old English terms suffixed with -ig",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives, often with an intensive effect"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡi.ɑn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-egian"
},
{
"word": "-igian"
}
],
"word": "-gian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -gian meaning in Old English (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.