See þu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þou"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: þou, thou, þu, thu, þoue, thoue, þowe, thowe, þouȝ, thouȝ, þue, ðhu, þeu, þeou, thugh, thogh, þo, tu, tou, towe, you\nEnglish: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney)\nScots: thou, du, thoo\nYola: thou, th'",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: þou, thou, þu, thu, þoue, thoue, þowe, thowe, þouȝ, thouȝ, þue, ðhu, þeu, þeou, thugh, thogh, þo, tu, tou, towe, you\nEnglish: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney)\nScots: thou, du, thoo\nYola: thou, th'"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*túh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *túh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "thū"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian thū",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thū"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon thū",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "thū"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch thū",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "dū"
},
"expansion": "Old High German dū",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þú"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þú",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌿",
"tr": "þū"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þū)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tū"
},
"expansion": "Latin tū",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σύ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σύ (sú)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.\nCognate with Old Frisian thū, Old Saxon thū, Old Dutch thū, Old High German dū, Old Norse þú, Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þū). Non-Germanic cognates include Latin tū and Ancient Greek σύ (sú).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "þū",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-pron-pers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "iċ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mec",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mīn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þec",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þīn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "him",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "his",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "him",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "his",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hēo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hīe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "unc",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uncit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "unc",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uncer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ġit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "inc",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "incit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "inc",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "incer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūsiċ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūser",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ġē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ēow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ēowiċ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ēow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ēower",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hīe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "him",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "heora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns",
"head": "þū"
},
"expansion": "þū",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you, thou (nominative singular)"
],
"id": "en-þu-ang-pron-rDEdNFaV",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"thou",
"thou"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ðū"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θuː/"
}
],
"word": "þu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þou"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: þou, thou, þu, thu, þoue, thoue, þowe, thowe, þouȝ, thouȝ, þue, ðhu, þeu, þeou, thugh, thogh, þo, tu, tou, towe, you\nEnglish: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney)\nScots: thou, du, thoo\nYola: thou, th'",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: þou, thou, þu, thu, þoue, thoue, þowe, thowe, þouȝ, thouȝ, þue, ðhu, þeu, þeou, thugh, thogh, þo, tu, tou, towe, you\nEnglish: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney)\nScots: thou, du, thoo\nYola: thou, th'"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*túh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *túh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "thū"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian thū",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thū"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon thū",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "thū"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch thū",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "dū"
},
"expansion": "Old High German dū",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þú"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þú",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌿",
"tr": "þū"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þū)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tū"
},
"expansion": "Latin tū",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σύ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σύ (sú)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.\nCognate with Old Frisian thū, Old Saxon thū, Old Dutch thū, Old High German dū, Old Norse þú, Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þū). Non-Germanic cognates include Latin tū and Ancient Greek σύ (sú).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "þū",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-pron-pers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "iċ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mec",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mīn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þec",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þīn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "him",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "his",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "him",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "his",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hēo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hīe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "unc",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uncit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "unc",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uncer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ġit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "inc",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "incit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "inc",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "incer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūsiċ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūser",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ġē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ēow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ēowiċ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ēow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ēower",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hīe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "him",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "heora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns",
"head": "þū"
},
"expansion": "þū",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Gothic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English personal pronouns",
"Old English pronouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"you, thou (nominative singular)"
],
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"thou",
"thou"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θuː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ðū"
}
],
"word": "þu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for þu meaning in Old English (7.2kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"þu"
],
"section": "Old English",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "þu",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"þu"
],
"section": "Old English",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "þu",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Old English is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: his",
"path": [
"þu"
],
"section": "Old English",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "þu",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.