See ruh in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ruuch",
"3": "ru",
"4": "rou"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: ruuch, ru, rou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: ruuch, ru, rou"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ruig",
"3": "ruw"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: ruig, ruw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: ruig, ruw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ruig",
"3": "ru"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: ruig, ru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: ruig, ru"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rūh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rūh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rūhaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūh",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-decl-adj-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rūh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "adjective",
"head": "*rūh"
},
"expansion": "*rūh",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūh",
"contract": "1"
},
"name": "odt-decl-adj-a"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/ruh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"id": "en-ruh-odt-adj--BHrXFbu",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ruh"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ruuch",
"3": "ru",
"4": "rou"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: ruuch, ru, rou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: ruuch, ru, rou"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ruig",
"3": "ruw"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: ruig, ruw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: ruig, ruw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ruig",
"3": "ru"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: ruig, ru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: ruig, ru"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rūh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rūh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rūhaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūh",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-decl-adj-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rūh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "rūo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rūn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "adjective",
"head": "*rūh"
},
"expansion": "*rūh",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūh",
"contract": "1"
},
"name": "odt-decl-adj-a"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/ruh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Dutch a-stem adjectives",
"Old Dutch adjectives",
"Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Dutch lemmas",
"Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ruh"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruh meaning in Old Dutch (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.