See -ի in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "-ի"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: -ի (-i)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: -ի (-i)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "axm",
"2": "-ի"
},
"expansion": "Middle Armenian: -ի (-i)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Armenian: -ի (-i)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-yo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yo-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Proto-Indo-European *-yo- or *-yeh₂ suffix. Compare the same suffix in Sanskrit स्वप्न्य (svápnya), Ancient Greek δεξιός (dexiós), Latin somnium. The genitive ending -ի (-i) may have the same origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "xcl-noun-ո-ա",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ի",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"-i",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-իք",
"roman": "-ikʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ւոյ",
"roman": "-woy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-եաց",
"roman": "-eacʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ւոյ",
"roman": "-woy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-եաց",
"roman": "-eacʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ի",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"-i",
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-իս",
"roman": "-is",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ւոյ",
"roman": "-woy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-եաց",
"roman": "-eacʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-եաւ",
"roman": "-eaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-եաւք = -եօք (-eawkʻ = -eōkʻ)",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ի",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"-i",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-իս",
"roman": "-is",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "-ի • (-i)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ի • (-i)",
"name": "xcl-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ի",
"11": "-եաց",
"13": "-ի",
"15": "-իս",
"17": "-ւոյ",
"19": "-եաց",
"21": "-եաւ",
"23": "-եաւք = -եօք",
"25": "-ի",
"27": "-իս",
"3": "-իք",
"5": "-ւոյ",
"7": "-եաց",
"9": "-ւոյ",
"note": "",
"type": "o-a-type"
},
"name": "xcl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "salt",
"roman": "ał",
"text": "աղ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "salty",
"roman": "ałi",
"text": "աղի",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "disposition, temper",
"roman": "barkʻ",
"text": "բարք",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "kind, good",
"roman": "bari",
"text": "բարի",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to be greatly afraid",
"roman": "soskal",
"text": "սոսկալ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "horrible, terrible",
"roman": "soskali",
"text": "սոսկալի",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forming adjectives"
],
"id": "en--ի-xcl-suffix-hxD5nE7E",
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 21 5 9 21 2 21 15 1 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 30 9 3 30 23 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 21 6 9 23 1 21 16 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 53 37 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Armenian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 53 38 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 47 36 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:xcl-noun-ո-ա",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "acorn",
"roman": "kałin",
"text": "կաղին",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "oak",
"roman": "kałni",
"text": "կաղնի",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forming botanical names"
],
"id": "en--ի-xcl-suffix-xcl:botanical",
"senseid": [
"xcl:botanical"
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 21 5 9 21 2 21 15 1 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 30 9 3 30 23 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 21 6 9 23 1 21 16 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "flax",
"roman": "ktaw",
"text": "կտաւ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "linen",
"roman": "ktawi",
"text": "կտաւի",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"made of"
],
"id": "en--ի-xcl-suffix-YKrKNWy5",
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forming adverbs"
],
"id": "en--ի-xcl-suffix-so1GSMMC",
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ի"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "-ի"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: -ի (-i)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: -ի (-i)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "The genitive/dative/locative marker for i-declension is identical with the -ի- (-i-) stem vowel. In Godel's words, the remaining stem, standing in contrast to the nominative/accusative singular (which lost its stem), was apt to function as a full-fledged case form. According to Godel, in the case of the i-a-declension we are dealing with a Proto-Armenian morphological innovation: the new morpheme was abstracted from the genitive/dative/locative case ending -ի (-i) of i-stem nouns and applied to a-stem nouns, whose original endings had been lost.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ի • (-i)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "բանի ― bani ― genitive/dative/locative singular of բան (ban)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular genitive/dative/locative marker for i-declension words"
],
"id": "en--ի-xcl-suffix-xcl:genitive_marker",
"senseid": [
"xcl:genitive marker"
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "լեզուի ― lezui ― genitive/dative/locative singular of լեզու (lezu)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "աշակերտի ― ašakerti ― genitive/dative/locative singular of աշակերտ (ašakert)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular genitive/dative/locative marker for i-a-declension words"
],
"id": "en--ի-xcl-suffix-ZcSVKmUq",
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ի"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Armenian inflectional suffixes",
"Old Armenian lemmas",
"Old Armenian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Old Armenian suffixes",
"Old Armenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Armenian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:xcl-noun-ո-ա",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "-ի"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: -ի (-i)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: -ի (-i)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "axm",
"2": "-ի"
},
"expansion": "Middle Armenian: -ի (-i)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Armenian: -ի (-i)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-yo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yo-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Proto-Indo-European *-yo- or *-yeh₂ suffix. Compare the same suffix in Sanskrit स्वप्न्य (svápnya), Ancient Greek δεξιός (dexiós), Latin somnium. The genitive ending -ի (-i) may have the same origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "xcl-noun-ո-ա",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ի",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"-i",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-իք",
"roman": "-ikʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ւոյ",
"roman": "-woy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-եաց",
"roman": "-eacʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ւոյ",
"roman": "-woy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-եաց",
"roman": "-eacʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ի",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"-i",
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-իս",
"roman": "-is",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ւոյ",
"roman": "-woy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-եաց",
"roman": "-eacʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-եաւ",
"roman": "-eaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-եաւք = -եօք (-eawkʻ = -eōkʻ)",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ի",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"-i",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-իս",
"roman": "-is",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "-ի • (-i)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ի • (-i)",
"name": "xcl-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ի",
"11": "-եաց",
"13": "-ի",
"15": "-իս",
"17": "-ւոյ",
"19": "-եաց",
"21": "-եաւ",
"23": "-եաւք = -եօք",
"25": "-ի",
"27": "-իս",
"3": "-իք",
"5": "-ւոյ",
"7": "-եաց",
"9": "-ւոյ",
"note": "",
"type": "o-a-type"
},
"name": "xcl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Armenian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "salt",
"roman": "ał",
"text": "աղ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "salty",
"roman": "ałi",
"text": "աղի",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "disposition, temper",
"roman": "barkʻ",
"text": "բարք",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "kind, good",
"roman": "bari",
"text": "բարի",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to be greatly afraid",
"roman": "soskal",
"text": "սոսկալ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "horrible, terrible",
"roman": "soskali",
"text": "սոսկալի",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forming adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Armenian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "acorn",
"roman": "kałin",
"text": "կաղին",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "oak",
"roman": "kałni",
"text": "կաղնի",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forming botanical names"
],
"senseid": [
"xcl:botanical"
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Armenian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "flax",
"roman": "ktaw",
"text": "կտաւ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "linen",
"roman": "ktawi",
"text": "կտաւի",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"made of"
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forming adverbs"
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ի"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Armenian inflectional suffixes",
"Old Armenian lemmas",
"Old Armenian suffixes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "-ի"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: -ի (-i)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: -ի (-i)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "The genitive/dative/locative marker for i-declension is identical with the -ի- (-i-) stem vowel. In Godel's words, the remaining stem, standing in contrast to the nominative/accusative singular (which lost its stem), was apt to function as a full-fledged case form. According to Godel, in the case of the i-a-declension we are dealing with a Proto-Armenian morphological innovation: the new morpheme was abstracted from the genitive/dative/locative case ending -ի (-i) of i-stem nouns and applied to a-stem nouns, whose original endings had been lost.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ի • (-i)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Armenian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "բանի ― bani ― genitive/dative/locative singular of բան (ban)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular genitive/dative/locative marker for i-declension words"
],
"senseid": [
"xcl:genitive marker"
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Armenian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "լեզուի ― lezui ― genitive/dative/locative singular of լեզու (lezu)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "աշակերտի ― ašakerti ― genitive/dative/locative singular of աշակերտ (ašakert)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular genitive/dative/locative marker for i-a-declension words"
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ի"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ի meaning in Old Armenian (6.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ի",
"Template:xcl-noun-ո-ա",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Old Armenian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ի",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ի",
"Template:xcl-noun-ո-ա",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Old Armenian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ի",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ի",
"Template:xcl-noun-ո-ա",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Old Armenian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ի",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ի",
"Template:xcl-noun-ո-ա",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Old Armenian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ի",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Armenian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.