"կոթող" meaning in Old Armenian

See կոթող in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: The origin is uncertain. Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui compares with Old Georgian გოდოლი (godoli, “pillar; tower”). Ačaṙean considers the latter to be a borrowing from Armenian and leaves the origin of կոթող (kotʻoł) open. Nicholas Adontz derives from Akkadian 𒆪𒁺𒊒 (kudurru, “kudurru, boundary stone”), which is accepted by J̌ahukyan 1987 with a question mark. This etymology is criticized by Russell on phonetic (-ռ- (-ṙ-) is expected rather than -ղ- (-ł-)) and cultural grounds (there is no material evidence of boundary stones in Armenia before the time of Artašēs I, i.e. a millennium after the Akkadian influence). Russell prefers a relation with Armenian կոթ (kotʻ, “handle; stem”) in the sense of something elongated and upraised, or, if a Semitic root is to be sought, a form of the root ɡ-d-l, whence Hebrew מִגְדָּל (miḡdāl, “tower”), Classical Syriac ܡܓܕܠܐ (maḡdlā, “tower”). J̌ahukyan 2010 considers the origin to be unknown, remarking only that a relation with Armenian կոթ (kotʻ, “handle; stem”) or Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“swelling”) is unlikely. See Pokorny on this root. Etymology templates: {{unc|xcl|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{cog|oge|გოდოლი|t=pillar; tower}} Old Georgian გოდოლი (godoli, “pillar; tower”), {{cog|akk|𒆪𒁺𒊒|t=kudurru, boundary stone|tr=kudurru}} Akkadian 𒆪𒁺𒊒 (kudurru, “kudurru, boundary stone”), {{cog|sem}} Semitic, {{cog|he|מִגְדָּל|t=tower|tr=miḡdāl}} Hebrew מִגְדָּל (miḡdāl, “tower”), {{cog|syc|ܡܓܕܠܐ|t=tower|tr=maḡdlā}} Classical Syriac ܡܓܕܠܐ (maḡdlā, “tower”), {{cog|ine-pro|*gʷet-||swelling}} Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“swelling”) Head templates: {{head|xcl|noun|cat2=|g=|head=}} կոթող • (kotʻoł), {{xcl-noun}} կոթող • (kotʻoł) Inflection templates: {{xcl-decl-noun|կոթող|11=կոթողաց|13=կոթող|15=կոթողս|17=կոթողէ|19=կոթողաց|21=կոթողաւ|23=կոթողաւք = կոթողօք|25=կոթողի|27=կոթողս|3=կոթողք|5=կոթողի|7=կոթողաց|9=կոթողի|note=among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular <i class="Armn mention" lang="xcl">կոթողի</i> (kotʻołi) is attested classically|type=i-a-type}}, {{xcl-decl-noun|կոթող|11=կոթողից|13=կոթող|15=կոթողս|17=կոթողէ|19=կոթողից|21=կոթողիւ|23=կոթողիւք|25=կոթողի|27=կոթողս|3=կոթողք|5=կոթողի|7=կոթողից|9=կոթողի|note=among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular <i class="Armn mention" lang="xcl">կոթողի</i> (kotʻołi) is attested classically|type=i-type}} Forms: kotʻoł [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], կոթող [nominative, singular], կոթողք [nominative, plural], կոթողի [genitive, singular], կոթողաց [genitive, plural], կոթողի [dative, singular], կոթողաց [dative, plural], կոթող [accusative, singular], կոթողս [accusative, plural], կոթողէ [ablative, singular], կոթողաց [ablative, plural], կոթողաւ [instrumental, singular], կոթողաւք = կոթողօք (kotʻoławkʻ = kotʻołōkʻ) [instrumental, plural], կոթողի [locative, singular], կոթողս [locative, plural], among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular կոթողի is attested classically, no-table-tags [table-tags], կոթող [nominative, singular], կոթողք [nominative, plural], կոթողի [genitive, singular], կոթողից [genitive, plural], կոթողի [dative, singular], կոթողից [dative, plural], կոթող [accusative, singular], կոթողս [accusative, plural], կոթողէ [ablative, singular], կոթողից [ablative, plural], կոթողիւ [instrumental, singular], կոթողիւք [instrumental, plural], կոթողի [locative, singular], կոթողս [locative, plural], among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular կոթողի is attested classically
  1. (high) image, beacon, mark, high place, monument, obelisk Wikipedia link: Artaxias I, Nicholas Adontz, kudurru Derived forms: կոթողեմ (kotʻołem), քարկոթող (kʻarkotʻoł), աշտարակաքարկութ (aštarakakʻarkutʻ) [possibly]
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "կոթող"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: կոթող (kotʻoġ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: կոթող (kotʻoġ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oge",
            "2": "გოდოლი",
            "bor": "on"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Georgian: გოდოლი (godoli)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Georgian: გოდოლი (godoli) (possibly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "გოდოლი"
          },
          "expansion": "Georgian: გოდოლი (godoli)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Georgian: გოდოლი (godoli)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oge",
        "2": "გოდოლი",
        "t": "pillar; tower"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Georgian გოდოლი (godoli, “pillar; tower”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "𒆪𒁺𒊒",
        "t": "kudurru, boundary stone",
        "tr": "kudurru"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒆪𒁺𒊒 (kudurru, “kudurru, boundary stone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem"
      },
      "expansion": "Semitic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "מִגְדָּל",
        "t": "tower",
        "tr": "miḡdāl"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew מִגְדָּל (miḡdāl, “tower”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syc",
        "2": "ܡܓܕܠܐ",
        "t": "tower",
        "tr": "maḡdlā"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܡܓܕܠܐ (maḡdlā, “tower”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷet-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "swelling"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“swelling”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The origin is uncertain.\nNor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui compares with Old Georgian გოდოლი (godoli, “pillar; tower”). Ačaṙean considers the latter to be a borrowing from Armenian and leaves the origin of կոթող (kotʻoł) open.\nNicholas Adontz derives from Akkadian 𒆪𒁺𒊒 (kudurru, “kudurru, boundary stone”), which is accepted by J̌ahukyan 1987 with a question mark. This etymology is criticized by Russell on phonetic (-ռ- (-ṙ-) is expected rather than -ղ- (-ł-)) and cultural grounds (there is no material evidence of boundary stones in Armenia before the time of Artašēs I, i.e. a millennium after the Akkadian influence). Russell prefers a relation with Armenian կոթ (kotʻ, “handle; stem”) in the sense of something elongated and upraised, or, if a Semitic root is to be sought, a form of the root ɡ-d-l, whence Hebrew מִגְדָּל (miḡdāl, “tower”), Classical Syriac ܡܓܕܠܐ (maḡdlā, “tower”).\nJ̌ahukyan 2010 considers the origin to be unknown, remarking only that a relation with Armenian կոթ (kotʻ, “handle; stem”) or Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“swelling”) is unlikely. See Pokorny on this root.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kotʻoł",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ի-ա",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթող",
      "roman": "kotʻoł",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողք",
      "roman": "kotʻołkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողի",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողաց",
      "roman": "kotʻołacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողի",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողաց",
      "roman": "kotʻołacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթող",
      "roman": "kotʻoł",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողս",
      "roman": "kotʻołs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողէ",
      "roman": "kotʻołē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողաց",
      "roman": "kotʻołacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողաւ",
      "roman": "kotʻoław",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողաւք = կոթողօք (kotʻoławkʻ = kotʻołōkʻ)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողի",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողս",
      "roman": "kotʻołs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular կոթողի  is attested classically",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ի",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթող",
      "roman": "kotʻoł",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողք",
      "roman": "kotʻołkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողի",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողից",
      "roman": "kotʻołicʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողի",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողից",
      "roman": "kotʻołicʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթող",
      "roman": "kotʻoł",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողս",
      "roman": "kotʻołs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողէ",
      "roman": "kotʻołē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողից",
      "roman": "kotʻołicʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողիւ",
      "roman": "kotʻołiw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողիւք",
      "roman": "kotʻołiwkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողի",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողս",
      "roman": "kotʻołs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular կոթողի  is attested classically",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "կոթող • (kotʻoł)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "կոթող • (kotʻoł)",
      "name": "xcl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "կոթող",
        "11": "կոթողաց",
        "13": "կոթող",
        "15": "կոթողս",
        "17": "կոթողէ",
        "19": "կոթողաց",
        "21": "կոթողաւ",
        "23": "կոթողաւք = կոթողօք",
        "25": "կոթողի",
        "27": "կոթողս",
        "3": "կոթողք",
        "5": "կոթողի",
        "7": "կոթողաց",
        "9": "կոթողի",
        "note": "among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">կոթողի</i> (kotʻołi) is attested classically",
        "type": "i-a-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "կոթող",
        "11": "կոթողից",
        "13": "կոթող",
        "15": "կոթողս",
        "17": "կոթողէ",
        "19": "կոթողից",
        "21": "կոթողիւ",
        "23": "կոթողիւք",
        "25": "կոթողի",
        "27": "կոթողս",
        "3": "կոթողք",
        "5": "կոթողի",
        "7": "կոթողից",
        "9": "կոթողի",
        "note": "among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">կոթողի</i> (kotʻołi) is attested classically",
        "type": "i-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "kotʻołem",
          "word": "կոթողեմ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kʻarkotʻoł",
          "word": "քարկոթող"
        },
        {
          "roman": "aštarakakʻarkutʻ",
          "tags": [
            "possibly"
          ],
          "word": "աշտարակաքարկութ"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Then he said, \"What is this monument that I see?\" And the men of the city told him, \"It is the grave of the man of God who came from Judah and proclaimed these things which you have done against the altar of Bethel.\"",
          "ref": "5th century, Bible, 2 Kings 23.17",
          "roman": "ew asē; Zinčʻ ē kotʻołn ayn zor es tesanem. Ew asen cʻna arkʻ kʻałakʻin; Ayrn Astucoy ē, or ekn i Yuday, ew barbaṙecʻaw zbans zaysosik i veray sełanoyn Betʻelay.",
          "text": "եւ ասէ․ Զի՞նչ է կոթողն այն զոր ես տեսանեմ։ Եւ ասեն ցնա արք քաղաքին․ Այրն Աստուծոյ է՝ որ եկն ի Յուդայ, եւ բարբառեցաւ զբանս զայսոսիկ ի վերայ սեղանոյն Բեթելայ։"
        },
        {
          "english": "One thousand shall flee at the rebuke of one; at the rebuke of five shall ye flee: till ye be left as a beacon upon the top of a mountain, and as an ensign on an hill.",
          "ref": "5th century, Bible, Isaiah 30.17",
          "roman": "Zi i mioǰē barbaṙoy hazarkʻ pʻaxicʻen, ew i barbaṙoy hngicʻ bazumkʻ pʻaxicʻen; minčʻew mnasǰikʻ ibrew zjoł cʻcʻeal i veray lerin, ew ibrew zkotʻoł kangneal i veray blroy.",
          "text": "Զի ի միոջէ բարբառոյ հազարք փախիցեն, եւ ի բարբառոյ հնգից բազումք փախիցեն․ մինչեւ մնասջիք իբրեւ զձող ցցեալ ի վերայ լերին, եւ իբրեւ զկոթող կանգնեալ ի վերայ բլրոյ։"
        },
        {
          "english": "In that thou buildest thine eminent place in the head of every way, and makest thine high place in every street; and hast not been as an harlot, in that thou scornest hire.",
          "ref": "5th century, Bible, Ezekiel 16.31",
          "roman": "Ew šinecʻer zpoṙnkocʻs i gluxs amenayn čanaparhacʻ, ew kotʻołs kotʻołēir yamenayn hraparaks; ew očʻ ełer ibrew zkin mi poṙnik or žołovē zkapēns.",
          "text": "Եւ շինեցեր զպոռնկոցս ի գլուխս ամենայն ճանապարհաց, եւ կոթողս կոթողէիր յամենայն հրապարակս․ եւ ոչ եղեր իբրեւ զկին մի պոռնիկ որ ժողովէ զկապէնս։"
        },
        {
          "english": "And I will also give thee into their hand, and they shall throw down thine eminent place, and shall break down thy high places: they shall strip thee also of thy clothes, and shall take thy fair jewels, and leave thee naked and bare.",
          "ref": "5th century, Bible, Ezekiel 16.39",
          "roman": "Ew matnecʻicʻ zkʻez i jeṙs nocʻa, ew korcanescʻen zpoṙnkocʻs kʻo, ew kʻakescʻen zkotʻołs kʻo, ew merkascʻen i kʻēn zhanderjs kʻo, ew aṙcʻen zpsaks parcanacʻ kʻocʻ, ew tʻołcʻen zkʻez merk xaytaṙakeal.",
          "text": "Եւ մատնեցից զքեզ ի ձեռս նոցա, եւ կործանեսցեն զպոռնկոցս քո, եւ քակեսցեն զկոթողս քո, եւ մերկասցեն ի քէն զհանդերձս քո, եւ առցեն զպսակս պարծանաց քոց, եւ թողցեն զքեզ մերկ խայտառակեալ։"
        },
        {
          "ref": "6th century, Philo of Alexandria",
          "roman": "Ztapanin awandeacʻ zčʻapʻs, aṙ sakaw sakaw kʻałel zōrēn kotʻołi.",
          "text": "Զտապանին աւանդեաց զչափս՝ առ սակաւ սակաւ քաղել զօրէն կոթողի։"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "image, beacon, mark, high place, monument, obelisk"
      ],
      "id": "en-կոթող-xcl-noun-MvSVFq0H",
      "links": [
        [
          "beacon",
          "beacon"
        ],
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "monument",
          "monument"
        ],
        [
          "obelisk",
          "obelisk"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "high",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(high) image, beacon, mark, high place, monument, obelisk"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Artaxias I",
        "Nicholas Adontz",
        "kudurru"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "կոթող"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kotʻołem",
      "word": "կոթողեմ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kʻarkotʻoł",
      "word": "քարկոթող"
    },
    {
      "roman": "aštarakakʻarkutʻ",
      "tags": [
        "possibly"
      ],
      "word": "աշտարակաքարկութ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "կոթող"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: կոթող (kotʻoġ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: կոթող (kotʻoġ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oge",
            "2": "გოდოლი",
            "bor": "on"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Georgian: გოდოლი (godoli)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Georgian: გოდოლი (godoli) (possibly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "გოდოლი"
          },
          "expansion": "Georgian: გოდოლი (godoli)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Georgian: გოდოლი (godoli)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oge",
        "2": "გოდოლი",
        "t": "pillar; tower"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Georgian გოდოლი (godoli, “pillar; tower”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "𒆪𒁺𒊒",
        "t": "kudurru, boundary stone",
        "tr": "kudurru"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒆪𒁺𒊒 (kudurru, “kudurru, boundary stone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem"
      },
      "expansion": "Semitic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "מִגְדָּל",
        "t": "tower",
        "tr": "miḡdāl"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew מִגְדָּל (miḡdāl, “tower”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syc",
        "2": "ܡܓܕܠܐ",
        "t": "tower",
        "tr": "maḡdlā"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܡܓܕܠܐ (maḡdlā, “tower”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷet-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "swelling"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“swelling”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The origin is uncertain.\nNor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui compares with Old Georgian გოდოლი (godoli, “pillar; tower”). Ačaṙean considers the latter to be a borrowing from Armenian and leaves the origin of կոթող (kotʻoł) open.\nNicholas Adontz derives from Akkadian 𒆪𒁺𒊒 (kudurru, “kudurru, boundary stone”), which is accepted by J̌ahukyan 1987 with a question mark. This etymology is criticized by Russell on phonetic (-ռ- (-ṙ-) is expected rather than -ղ- (-ł-)) and cultural grounds (there is no material evidence of boundary stones in Armenia before the time of Artašēs I, i.e. a millennium after the Akkadian influence). Russell prefers a relation with Armenian կոթ (kotʻ, “handle; stem”) in the sense of something elongated and upraised, or, if a Semitic root is to be sought, a form of the root ɡ-d-l, whence Hebrew מִגְדָּל (miḡdāl, “tower”), Classical Syriac ܡܓܕܠܐ (maḡdlā, “tower”).\nJ̌ahukyan 2010 considers the origin to be unknown, remarking only that a relation with Armenian կոթ (kotʻ, “handle; stem”) or Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“swelling”) is unlikely. See Pokorny on this root.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kotʻoł",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ի-ա",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթող",
      "roman": "kotʻoł",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողք",
      "roman": "kotʻołkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողի",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողաց",
      "roman": "kotʻołacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողի",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողաց",
      "roman": "kotʻołacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթող",
      "roman": "kotʻoł",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողս",
      "roman": "kotʻołs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողէ",
      "roman": "kotʻołē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողաց",
      "roman": "kotʻołacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողաւ",
      "roman": "kotʻoław",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողաւք = կոթողօք (kotʻoławkʻ = kotʻołōkʻ)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողի",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողս",
      "roman": "kotʻołs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular կոթողի  is attested classically",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ի",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթող",
      "roman": "kotʻoł",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողք",
      "roman": "kotʻołkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողի",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողից",
      "roman": "kotʻołicʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողի",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողից",
      "roman": "kotʻołicʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթող",
      "roman": "kotʻoł",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողս",
      "roman": "kotʻołs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողէ",
      "roman": "kotʻołē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողից",
      "roman": "kotʻołicʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողիւ",
      "roman": "kotʻołiw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողիւք",
      "roman": "kotʻołiwkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողի",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "կոթողս",
      "roman": "kotʻołs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular կոթողի  is attested classically",
      "roman": "kotʻołi",
      "source": "declension"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "կոթող • (kotʻoł)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "կոթող • (kotʻoł)",
      "name": "xcl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "կոթող",
        "11": "կոթողաց",
        "13": "կոթող",
        "15": "կոթողս",
        "17": "կոթողէ",
        "19": "կոթողաց",
        "21": "կոթողաւ",
        "23": "կոթողաւք = կոթողօք",
        "25": "կոթողի",
        "27": "կոթողս",
        "3": "կոթողք",
        "5": "կոթողի",
        "7": "կոթողաց",
        "9": "կոթողի",
        "note": "among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">կոթողի</i> (kotʻołi) is attested classically",
        "type": "i-a-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "կոթող",
        "11": "կոթողից",
        "13": "կոթող",
        "15": "կոթողս",
        "17": "կոթողէ",
        "19": "կոթողից",
        "21": "կոթողիւ",
        "23": "կոթողիւք",
        "25": "կոթողի",
        "27": "կոթողս",
        "3": "կոթողք",
        "5": "կոթողի",
        "7": "կոթողից",
        "9": "կոթողի",
        "note": "among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">կոթողի</i> (kotʻołi) is attested classically",
        "type": "i-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Armenian lemmas",
        "Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Old Armenian nouns",
        "Old Armenian terms with quotations",
        "Old Armenian terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Requests for translations of Old Armenian quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Then he said, \"What is this monument that I see?\" And the men of the city told him, \"It is the grave of the man of God who came from Judah and proclaimed these things which you have done against the altar of Bethel.\"",
          "ref": "5th century, Bible, 2 Kings 23.17",
          "roman": "ew asē; Zinčʻ ē kotʻołn ayn zor es tesanem. Ew asen cʻna arkʻ kʻałakʻin; Ayrn Astucoy ē, or ekn i Yuday, ew barbaṙecʻaw zbans zaysosik i veray sełanoyn Betʻelay.",
          "text": "եւ ասէ․ Զի՞նչ է կոթողն այն զոր ես տեսանեմ։ Եւ ասեն ցնա արք քաղաքին․ Այրն Աստուծոյ է՝ որ եկն ի Յուդայ, եւ բարբառեցաւ զբանս զայսոսիկ ի վերայ սեղանոյն Բեթելայ։"
        },
        {
          "english": "One thousand shall flee at the rebuke of one; at the rebuke of five shall ye flee: till ye be left as a beacon upon the top of a mountain, and as an ensign on an hill.",
          "ref": "5th century, Bible, Isaiah 30.17",
          "roman": "Zi i mioǰē barbaṙoy hazarkʻ pʻaxicʻen, ew i barbaṙoy hngicʻ bazumkʻ pʻaxicʻen; minčʻew mnasǰikʻ ibrew zjoł cʻcʻeal i veray lerin, ew ibrew zkotʻoł kangneal i veray blroy.",
          "text": "Զի ի միոջէ բարբառոյ հազարք փախիցեն, եւ ի բարբառոյ հնգից բազումք փախիցեն․ մինչեւ մնասջիք իբրեւ զձող ցցեալ ի վերայ լերին, եւ իբրեւ զկոթող կանգնեալ ի վերայ բլրոյ։"
        },
        {
          "english": "In that thou buildest thine eminent place in the head of every way, and makest thine high place in every street; and hast not been as an harlot, in that thou scornest hire.",
          "ref": "5th century, Bible, Ezekiel 16.31",
          "roman": "Ew šinecʻer zpoṙnkocʻs i gluxs amenayn čanaparhacʻ, ew kotʻołs kotʻołēir yamenayn hraparaks; ew očʻ ełer ibrew zkin mi poṙnik or žołovē zkapēns.",
          "text": "Եւ շինեցեր զպոռնկոցս ի գլուխս ամենայն ճանապարհաց, եւ կոթողս կոթողէիր յամենայն հրապարակս․ եւ ոչ եղեր իբրեւ զկին մի պոռնիկ որ ժողովէ զկապէնս։"
        },
        {
          "english": "And I will also give thee into their hand, and they shall throw down thine eminent place, and shall break down thy high places: they shall strip thee also of thy clothes, and shall take thy fair jewels, and leave thee naked and bare.",
          "ref": "5th century, Bible, Ezekiel 16.39",
          "roman": "Ew matnecʻicʻ zkʻez i jeṙs nocʻa, ew korcanescʻen zpoṙnkocʻs kʻo, ew kʻakescʻen zkotʻołs kʻo, ew merkascʻen i kʻēn zhanderjs kʻo, ew aṙcʻen zpsaks parcanacʻ kʻocʻ, ew tʻołcʻen zkʻez merk xaytaṙakeal.",
          "text": "Եւ մատնեցից զքեզ ի ձեռս նոցա, եւ կործանեսցեն զպոռնկոցս քո, եւ քակեսցեն զկոթողս քո, եւ մերկասցեն ի քէն զհանդերձս քո, եւ առցեն զպսակս պարծանաց քոց, եւ թողցեն զքեզ մերկ խայտառակեալ։"
        },
        {
          "ref": "6th century, Philo of Alexandria",
          "roman": "Ztapanin awandeacʻ zčʻapʻs, aṙ sakaw sakaw kʻałel zōrēn kotʻołi.",
          "text": "Զտապանին աւանդեաց զչափս՝ առ սակաւ սակաւ քաղել զօրէն կոթողի։"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "image, beacon, mark, high place, monument, obelisk"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "beacon",
          "beacon"
        ],
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "monument",
          "monument"
        ],
        [
          "obelisk",
          "obelisk"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "high",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(high) image, beacon, mark, high place, monument, obelisk"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Artaxias I",
        "Nicholas Adontz",
        "kudurru"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "կոթող"
}

Download raw JSONL data for կոթող meaning in Old Armenian (12.1kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2522",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Armenian]; cleaned text: among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular կոթողի (kotʻołi) is attested classically, style: background:#DEDEDE////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "կոթող"
  ],
  "section": "Old Armenian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "կոթող",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/1826",
  "msg": "inflection table: empty tags for among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular կոթողի  is attested classically",
  "path": [
    "կոթող"
  ],
  "section": "Old Armenian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "կոթող",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2522",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Armenian]; cleaned text: among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular կոթողի (kotʻołi) is attested classically, style: background:#DEDEDE////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "կոթող"
  ],
  "section": "Old Armenian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "կոթող",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/1826",
  "msg": "inflection table: empty tags for among the oblique cases only the genitive-dative-locative singular կոթողի  is attested classically",
  "path": [
    "կոթող"
  ],
  "section": "Old Armenian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "կոթող",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Armenian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.