See punga in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*puŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Polynesian/puŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Oceanic/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa ni batu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa ni batu"
],
[
"puna",
"puna#Hawaiian"
],
[
"puʻa",
"puʻa#Tahitian"
],
[
"punga",
"punga#Tongan"
],
[
"puga",
"puga#Samoan"
],
[
"vuga",
"vuga#Fijian"
],
[
"pua",
"pua#Māori"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pol-pro",
"3": "*puŋa",
"4": "",
"5": "coral rock"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-oce-pro",
"3": "*buŋa",
"4": "",
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "pqe-pro",
"3": "*buŋa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-cet-pro",
"3": "*buŋa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*buŋa",
"4": "",
"5": "flower",
"pos": "compare <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"poz-pro\">*buŋa ni batu</i> (“coral sponge”, literally “stone bloom”)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower”, compare *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge”, literally “stone bloom”))",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "haw",
"2": "puna",
"3": "",
"4": "coral, lime, plaster, calcium"
},
"expansion": "Hawaiian puna (“coral, lime, plaster, calcium”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ty",
"2": "puʻa",
"3": "",
"4": "coral, lime"
},
"expansion": "Tahitian puʻa (“coral, lime”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "to",
"2": "punga"
},
"expansion": "Tongan punga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sm",
"2": "puga"
},
"expansion": "Samoan puga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fj",
"2": "vuga"
},
"expansion": "Fijian vuga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "pua"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pua",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *puŋa (“coral rock”), from Proto-Central Pacific *puŋa, from Proto-Oceanic *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”), from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower”, compare *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge”, literally “stone bloom”)). Cognates include Hawaiian puna (“coral, lime, plaster, calcium”), Tahitian puʻa (“coral, lime”), Tongan punga and Samoan puga. Compare also Fijian vuga. Doublet of pua.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{pl}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "punga",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "punga",
"name": "mi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"coral"
],
"id": "en-punga-mi-noun-85~ZBzRX",
"links": [
[
"coral",
"coral"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 54 4 11 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Māori entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "pungarehu: ash"
},
{
"text": "pungapunga: pumice"
}
],
"glosses": [
"any silicate or calcite material"
],
"id": "en-punga-mi-noun-dWsxkRY9",
"links": [
[
"silicate",
"silicate"
],
[
"calcite",
"calcite"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anchor"
],
"id": "en-punga-mi-noun-eb-w4rp2",
"links": [
[
"anchor",
"anchor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuŋa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʉŋɐ]"
}
],
"word": "punga"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*puŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Polynesian/puŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Oceanic/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa ni batu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa ni batu"
],
[
"puna",
"puna#Hawaiian"
],
[
"puʻa",
"puʻa#Tahitian"
],
[
"punga",
"punga#Tongan"
],
[
"puga",
"puga#Samoan"
],
[
"vuga",
"vuga#Fijian"
],
[
"pua",
"pua#Māori"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pol-pro",
"3": "*puŋa",
"4": "",
"5": "coral rock"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-oce-pro",
"3": "*buŋa",
"4": "",
"5": "white, porous coral or growth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "pqe-pro",
"3": "*buŋa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-cet-pro",
"3": "*buŋa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*buŋa",
"4": "",
"5": "flower",
"pos": "compare <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"poz-pro\">*buŋa ni batu</i> (“coral sponge”, literally “stone bloom”)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower”, compare *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge”, literally “stone bloom”))",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "haw",
"2": "puna",
"3": "",
"4": "coral, lime, plaster, calcium"
},
"expansion": "Hawaiian puna (“coral, lime, plaster, calcium”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ty",
"2": "puʻa",
"3": "",
"4": "coral, lime"
},
"expansion": "Tahitian puʻa (“coral, lime”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "to",
"2": "punga"
},
"expansion": "Tongan punga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sm",
"2": "puga"
},
"expansion": "Samoan puga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fj",
"2": "vuga"
},
"expansion": "Fijian vuga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "pua"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pua",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *puŋa (“coral rock”), from Proto-Central Pacific *puŋa, from Proto-Oceanic *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”), from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower”, compare *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge”, literally “stone bloom”)). Cognates include Hawaiian puna (“coral, lime, plaster, calcium”), Tahitian puʻa (“coral, lime”), Tongan punga and Samoan puga. Compare also Fijian vuga. Doublet of pua.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"10": "",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "passive",
"f2accel-form": "passive",
"f3accel-form": "passive",
"f4accel-form": "passive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "punga",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "punga",
"name": "mi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pungarehu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pungapunga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pungorungoru"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to anchor"
],
"id": "en-punga-mi-verb-97BGCiHb",
"links": [
[
"anchor",
"anchor"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to secure"
],
"id": "en-punga-mi-verb-zwWT6xOs",
"links": [
[
"secure",
"secure"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to sink, to fall"
],
"id": "en-punga-mi-verb-GkrEy4kg",
"links": [
[
"sink",
"sink"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuŋa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʉŋɐ]"
}
],
"word": "punga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Māori doublets",
"Māori entries with incorrect language header",
"Māori lemmas",
"Māori nouns",
"Māori terms derived from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"Māori terms derived from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"Māori terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Māori terms derived from Proto-Oceanic",
"Māori terms derived from Proto-Polynesian",
"Māori terms inherited from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"Māori terms inherited from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"Māori terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Māori terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic",
"Māori terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian",
"Māori terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Māori verbs",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*puŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Polynesian/puŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Oceanic/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa ni batu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa ni batu"
],
[
"puna",
"puna#Hawaiian"
],
[
"puʻa",
"puʻa#Tahitian"
],
[
"punga",
"punga#Tongan"
],
[
"puga",
"puga#Samoan"
],
[
"vuga",
"vuga#Fijian"
],
[
"pua",
"pua#Māori"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pol-pro",
"3": "*puŋa",
"4": "",
"5": "coral rock"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-oce-pro",
"3": "*buŋa",
"4": "",
"5": "white, porous coral or growth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
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"3": "*buŋa"
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},
{
"args": {
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"3": "*buŋa"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*buŋa",
"4": "",
"5": "flower",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower”, compare *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge”, literally “stone bloom”))",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "haw",
"2": "puna",
"3": "",
"4": "coral, lime, plaster, calcium"
},
"expansion": "Hawaiian puna (“coral, lime, plaster, calcium”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ty",
"2": "puʻa",
"3": "",
"4": "coral, lime"
},
"expansion": "Tahitian puʻa (“coral, lime”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "to",
"2": "punga"
},
"expansion": "Tongan punga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sm",
"2": "puga"
},
"expansion": "Samoan puga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fj",
"2": "vuga"
},
"expansion": "Fijian vuga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "pua"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pua",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *puŋa (“coral rock”), from Proto-Central Pacific *puŋa, from Proto-Oceanic *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”), from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower”, compare *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge”, literally “stone bloom”)). Cognates include Hawaiian puna (“coral, lime, plaster, calcium”), Tahitian puʻa (“coral, lime”), Tongan punga and Samoan puga. Compare also Fijian vuga. Doublet of pua.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{pl}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "punga",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "punga",
"name": "mi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"coral"
],
"links": [
[
"coral",
"coral"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pungarehu: ash"
},
{
"text": "pungapunga: pumice"
}
],
"glosses": [
"any silicate or calcite material"
],
"links": [
[
"silicate",
"silicate"
],
[
"calcite",
"calcite"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anchor"
],
"links": [
[
"anchor",
"anchor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuŋa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʉŋɐ]"
}
],
"word": "punga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Māori doublets",
"Māori entries with incorrect language header",
"Māori lemmas",
"Māori nouns",
"Māori terms derived from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"Māori terms derived from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"Māori terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Māori terms derived from Proto-Oceanic",
"Māori terms derived from Proto-Polynesian",
"Māori terms inherited from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"Māori terms inherited from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"Māori terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Māori terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic",
"Māori terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian",
"Māori terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Māori verbs",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*puŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Polynesian/puŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Oceanic/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa"
],
[
"*buŋa ni batu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa ni batu"
],
[
"puna",
"puna#Hawaiian"
],
[
"puʻa",
"puʻa#Tahitian"
],
[
"punga",
"punga#Tongan"
],
[
"puga",
"puga#Samoan"
],
[
"vuga",
"vuga#Fijian"
],
[
"pua",
"pua#Māori"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pol-pro",
"3": "*puŋa",
"4": "",
"5": "coral rock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *puŋa (“coral rock”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-oce-pro",
"3": "*buŋa",
"4": "",
"5": "white, porous coral or growth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "pqe-pro",
"3": "*buŋa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-cet-pro",
"3": "*buŋa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*buŋa",
"4": "",
"5": "flower",
"pos": "compare <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"poz-pro\">*buŋa ni batu</i> (“coral sponge”, literally “stone bloom”)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower”, compare *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge”, literally “stone bloom”))",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "haw",
"2": "puna",
"3": "",
"4": "coral, lime, plaster, calcium"
},
"expansion": "Hawaiian puna (“coral, lime, plaster, calcium”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ty",
"2": "puʻa",
"3": "",
"4": "coral, lime"
},
"expansion": "Tahitian puʻa (“coral, lime”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "to",
"2": "punga"
},
"expansion": "Tongan punga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sm",
"2": "puga"
},
"expansion": "Samoan puga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fj",
"2": "vuga"
},
"expansion": "Fijian vuga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "pua"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pua",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *puŋa (“coral rock”), from Proto-Central Pacific *puŋa, from Proto-Oceanic *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”), from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower”, compare *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge”, literally “stone bloom”)). Cognates include Hawaiian puna (“coral, lime, plaster, calcium”), Tahitian puʻa (“coral, lime”), Tongan punga and Samoan puga. Compare also Fijian vuga. Doublet of pua.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"10": "",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "passive",
"f2accel-form": "passive",
"f3accel-form": "passive",
"f4accel-form": "passive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "punga",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "punga",
"name": "mi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "pungarehu"
},
{
"word": "pungapunga"
},
{
"word": "pungorungoru"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to anchor"
],
"links": [
[
"anchor",
"anchor"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to secure"
],
"links": [
[
"secure",
"secure"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to sink, to fall"
],
"links": [
[
"sink",
"sink"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuŋa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʉŋɐ]"
}
],
"word": "punga"
}
Download raw JSONL data for punga meaning in Māori (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Māori dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.