See ber in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "bêr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "cel-bry-pro:*ber",
"id": "spear"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*beru\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Brythonic\", \"term\" : \"*ber\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-bry-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Welsh\", \"term\" : \"ber\", \"lang\" : \"wlm\" }\" data-id=\"spear\" data-lang=\"wlm\" data-title=\"ber\" id=\"Middle_Welsh:_spear\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ber"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ber",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*beru",
"4": "",
"5": "spit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *beru (“spit”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *ber, from Proto-Celtic *beru (“spit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bereu",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ber",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "uer",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "ver",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mer",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "bereu"
},
"expansion": "ber (plural bereu)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spear, lance, pike"
],
"id": "en-ber-wlm-noun-pb7fwZa~",
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"lance",
"lance"
],
[
"pike",
"pike"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spit, skewer"
],
"id": "en-ber-wlm-noun-Y~ThWaK-",
"links": [
[
"spit",
"spit"
],
[
"skewer",
"skewer"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ber"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh entries with etymon",
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh nouns",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *gʷéru",
"Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 37 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "bêr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "cel-bry-pro:*ber",
"id": "spear"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*beru\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Brythonic\", \"term\" : \"*ber\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-bry-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Welsh\", \"term\" : \"ber\", \"lang\" : \"wlm\" }\" data-id=\"spear\" data-lang=\"wlm\" data-title=\"ber\" id=\"Middle_Welsh:_spear\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ber"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ber",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*beru",
"4": "",
"5": "spit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *beru (“spit”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *ber, from Proto-Celtic *beru (“spit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bereu",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ber",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "uer",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "ver",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mer",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "bereu"
},
"expansion": "ber (plural bereu)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spear, lance, pike"
],
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"lance",
"lance"
],
[
"pike",
"pike"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spit, skewer"
],
"links": [
[
"spit",
"spit"
],
[
"skewer",
"skewer"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ber"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ber meaning in Middle Welsh (2.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ber/Middle Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ber"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ber",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ber/Middle Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"ber"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ber",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ber/Middle Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"ber"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ber",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1896",
"msg": "Template nesting error: template_nesting = 1 couldn't split inflection templates, ber/Middle Welsh section mutation",
"path": [
"ber"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ber",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.