"-거-" meaning in Middle Korean

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "oko",
        "3": "去",
        "tr": "*-ke"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Korean 去 (*-ke)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Korean 去 (*-ke).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "거",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ke-",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "suffix",
        "tr": "-ke-"
      },
      "expansion": "거 (-ke-)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Korean",
  "lang_code": "okm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "fused with modulator",
      "roman": "-kwá",
      "word": "과〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "either",
      "roman": "-kená",
      "word": "거나〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "although",
      "roman": "-kèníwá",
      "word": "거니〮와〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "since",
      "roman": "-kenúl",
      "word": "거늘〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "if",
      "roman": "-ketón",
      "word": "거든〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-kelá",
      "word": "거라〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "fused with honorific",
      "roman": "-késí",
      "word": "거〮시〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "I desire...",
      "roman": "-kecílá",
      "word": "거지〮라〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "but, even if",
      "roman": "-kentyéng",
      "word": "건뎌ᇰ〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "even though",
      "roman": "-kenmàlón",
      "word": "건마ᄅᆞᆫ〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "fused with modulator",
      "roman": "-kwálá",
      "word": "과〮라〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "because",
      "roman": "-kwántóy",
      "word": "관〮ᄃᆡ〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-zǒW-",
      "word": "ᅀᆞᇦ〯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ke-",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "더〮아〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ke-",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "어〮거"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-usí/osí-",
      "word": "으시〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-usí/osí-",
      "word": "ᄋᆞ시〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-no-",
      "word": "ᄂᆞ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-wó/wú-",
      "word": "오〮/우〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-úlí/ólí-",
      "word": "으〮리〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-úlí/ólí-",
      "word": "ᄋᆞ〮리〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-twós-",
      "word": "도〮돗〮others"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-té-",
      "word": "더〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-úní/óní-",
      "word": "으〮니〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-úní/óní-",
      "word": "ᄋᆞ〮니〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ng-",
      "tags": [
        "deferential"
      ],
      "word": "으〮ᅌᅵ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ng-",
      "tags": [
        "deferential"
      ],
      "word": "ᄋᆞ〮ᅌᅵㆁ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Template:okm-sentence enders for sentence-final ones"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "kìlù-zòWó-sì[sí]-ní-ngì-tá; 月印釋譜 10:19; cwùk-ùlì[úlí]-lwós[twós]-wó-ngì-tá, 月印釋譜 21:22",
      "english": "[the honored one] [indeed] brought up [the honored thing], [o honored one].; [I] shall die, [o honored one]!",
      "word": "기르ᅀᆞᄫᆞ〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮주그리로〮소〮ᅌᅵ다〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "1 Many additional emotive suffixes"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "which have not been listed here"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "are fusional compounds that etymologically incorporate non-emotive morphemes. For example"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-tás-",
      "word": "닷〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "which is used when the speaker has made a realization about some past state"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-s-",
      "word": "comes from a merger of the imperfective 더〮 and the emotive morpheme ㅅ. It is more appropriate to consider such suffixes as single-unit morphemes that belong to the slot for emotive suffixes"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "even if they also convey other information. They cause issues in the paradigmal order if they are broken down into their etymological constituents. And while the retrospective and confirmative suffixes share a slot and are hence mutually exclusive"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-tás-",
      "word": "닷〮 has been attested as co-occurring with the latter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "2 In the fifteenth century"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-twós-",
      "word": "only after Slot 7 is filled by the emotive suffix 돗〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-twós-té-",
      "word": "forming the sequence 돗〮더〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "used to emotively convey a realization made in the past. In the sixteenth century"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-úlí/olí-",
      "word": "also appears after prospective 으〮리〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-úlí/olí-",
      "word": "ᄋᆞ〮리〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-úlí-lé/ólí-lé",
      "word": "forming the sequence 으〮리〮러〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-úlí-lé/ólí-lé",
      "word": "ᄋᆞ〮리〮러〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "used to convey a past state when something was about to happen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "emotive",
      "word": "3 Taken when Slot 7 is filled"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Certain suffixes are mutually exclusive"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Korean terms with uncertain meaning",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with uncertain meaning",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A very common verbal suffix in fifteenth-century Middle Korean. The meaning of this term is uncertain. There are two main competing hypotheses, and it is also possible that both hypotheses were simultaneously true in some capacity:",
        "A perfective aspect marker, regarding the action of the verb as having completed (either from the perspective of the present, or from some future vantage point). An important argument is that it is commonly used to translate Mandarin 了 (le); another is that it fits the same paradigmal slot as the imperfective 더〮 (-té)."
      ],
      "id": "en--거--okm-suffix-MKio3EKQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "perfective",
          "perfective#English"
        ],
        [
          "Mandarin",
          "w:Mandarin Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "了",
          "了#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "더〮",
          "-더-#Middle_Korean"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Korean terms with uncertain meaning",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with uncertain meaning",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A very common verbal suffix in fifteenth-century Middle Korean. The meaning of this term is uncertain. There are two main competing hypotheses, and it is also possible that both hypotheses were simultaneously true in some capacity:",
        "A confirmative mood marker, emphasizing the speaker's subjective certitude that the action of the verb must have taken (or must take) place."
      ],
      "id": "en--거--okm-suffix-th6SWOuP",
      "links": [
        [
          "confirmative",
          "confirmative#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kə/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-e-, after l-final stems",
      "word": "어"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "50 50",
      "roman": "-á-",
      "sense": "Possibly",
      "word": "아〮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "50 50",
      "english": "see below",
      "roman": "-é-",
      "sense": "Possibly",
      "word": "어〮"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-거-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Korean lemmas",
    "Middle Korean suffixes",
    "Middle Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
    "Middle Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
    "Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "oko",
        "3": "去",
        "tr": "*-ke"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Korean 去 (*-ke)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Korean 去 (*-ke).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "거",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ke-",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "suffix",
        "tr": "-ke-"
      },
      "expansion": "거 (-ke-)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Korean",
  "lang_code": "okm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "fused with modulator",
      "roman": "-kwá",
      "word": "과〮"
    },
    {
      "english": "either",
      "roman": "-kená",
      "word": "거나〮"
    },
    {
      "english": "although",
      "roman": "-kèníwá",
      "word": "거니〮와〮"
    },
    {
      "english": "since",
      "roman": "-kenúl",
      "word": "거늘〮"
    },
    {
      "english": "if",
      "roman": "-ketón",
      "word": "거든〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-kelá",
      "word": "거라〮"
    },
    {
      "english": "fused with honorific",
      "roman": "-késí",
      "word": "거〮시〮"
    },
    {
      "english": "I desire...",
      "roman": "-kecílá",
      "word": "거지〮라〮"
    },
    {
      "english": "but, even if",
      "roman": "-kentyéng",
      "word": "건뎌ᇰ〮"
    },
    {
      "english": "even though",
      "roman": "-kenmàlón",
      "word": "건마ᄅᆞᆫ〮"
    },
    {
      "english": "fused with modulator",
      "roman": "-kwálá",
      "word": "과〮라〮"
    },
    {
      "english": "because",
      "roman": "-kwántóy",
      "word": "관〮ᄃᆡ〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-zǒW-",
      "word": "ᅀᆞᇦ〯"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ke-",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "더〮아〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ke-",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "어〮거"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-usí/osí-",
      "word": "으시〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-usí/osí-",
      "word": "ᄋᆞ시〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-no-",
      "word": "ᄂᆞ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-wó/wú-",
      "word": "오〮/우〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-úlí/ólí-",
      "word": "으〮리〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-úlí/ólí-",
      "word": "ᄋᆞ〮리〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-twós-",
      "word": "도〮돗〮others"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-té-",
      "word": "더〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-úní/óní-",
      "word": "으〮니〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-úní/óní-",
      "word": "ᄋᆞ〮니〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ng-",
      "tags": [
        "deferential"
      ],
      "word": "으〮ᅌᅵ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ng-",
      "tags": [
        "deferential"
      ],
      "word": "ᄋᆞ〮ᅌᅵㆁ"
    },
    {
      "word": "Template:okm-sentence enders for sentence-final ones"
    },
    {
      "alt": "kìlù-zòWó-sì[sí]-ní-ngì-tá; 月印釋譜 10:19; cwùk-ùlì[úlí]-lwós[twós]-wó-ngì-tá, 月印釋譜 21:22",
      "english": "[the honored one] [indeed] brought up [the honored thing], [o honored one].; [I] shall die, [o honored one]!",
      "word": "기르ᅀᆞᄫᆞ〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮주그리로〮소〮ᅌᅵ다〮"
    },
    {
      "word": "1 Many additional emotive suffixes"
    },
    {
      "word": "which have not been listed here"
    },
    {
      "word": "are fusional compounds that etymologically incorporate non-emotive morphemes. For example"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-tás-",
      "word": "닷〮"
    },
    {
      "word": "which is used when the speaker has made a realization about some past state"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-s-",
      "word": "comes from a merger of the imperfective 더〮 and the emotive morpheme ㅅ. It is more appropriate to consider such suffixes as single-unit morphemes that belong to the slot for emotive suffixes"
    },
    {
      "word": "even if they also convey other information. They cause issues in the paradigmal order if they are broken down into their etymological constituents. And while the retrospective and confirmative suffixes share a slot and are hence mutually exclusive"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-tás-",
      "word": "닷〮 has been attested as co-occurring with the latter"
    },
    {
      "word": "2 In the fifteenth century"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-twós-",
      "word": "only after Slot 7 is filled by the emotive suffix 돗〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-twós-té-",
      "word": "forming the sequence 돗〮더〮"
    },
    {
      "word": "used to emotively convey a realization made in the past. In the sixteenth century"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-úlí/olí-",
      "word": "also appears after prospective 으〮리〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-úlí/olí-",
      "word": "ᄋᆞ〮리〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-úlí-lé/ólí-lé",
      "word": "forming the sequence 으〮리〮러〮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-úlí-lé/ólí-lé",
      "word": "ᄋᆞ〮리〮러〮"
    },
    {
      "word": "used to convey a past state when something was about to happen"
    },
    {
      "alt": "emotive",
      "word": "3 Taken when Slot 7 is filled"
    },
    {
      "word": "Certain suffixes are mutually exclusive"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Middle Korean terms with uncertain meaning"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A very common verbal suffix in fifteenth-century Middle Korean. The meaning of this term is uncertain. There are two main competing hypotheses, and it is also possible that both hypotheses were simultaneously true in some capacity:",
        "A perfective aspect marker, regarding the action of the verb as having completed (either from the perspective of the present, or from some future vantage point). An important argument is that it is commonly used to translate Mandarin 了 (le); another is that it fits the same paradigmal slot as the imperfective 더〮 (-té)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perfective",
          "perfective#English"
        ],
        [
          "Mandarin",
          "w:Mandarin Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "了",
          "了#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "더〮",
          "-더-#Middle_Korean"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Korean terms with uncertain meaning"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A very common verbal suffix in fifteenth-century Middle Korean. The meaning of this term is uncertain. There are two main competing hypotheses, and it is also possible that both hypotheses were simultaneously true in some capacity:",
        "A confirmative mood marker, emphasizing the speaker's subjective certitude that the action of the verb must have taken (or must take) place."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "confirmative",
          "confirmative#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kə/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "-e-, after l-final stems",
      "word": "어"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-á-",
      "sense": "Possibly",
      "word": "아〮"
    },
    {
      "english": "see below",
      "roman": "-é-",
      "sense": "Possibly",
      "word": "어〮"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-거-"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </small>",
  "path": [
    "-거-"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Korean",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-거-",
  "trace": ""
}