See y- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "yclad"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ycleped"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "yclept"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ydrad"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Modern English: enough",
"word": "ynough"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "y-",
"3": "a-",
"4": "i-"
},
"expansion": "English: y-, a-, i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: y-, a-, i- (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ee-"
},
"expansion": "Yola: ee-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: ee-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġe-",
"pos": "perfective and associative prefix"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġe- (perfective and associative prefix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm",
"4": "",
"5": "with"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "e-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian e-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "je-"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian je-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gi-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gi-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ga-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ga-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "German ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "g-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse g-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ġe- (perfective and associative prefix), from unstressed Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”). Cognate with Old Frisian e-, Central Franconian je-, Old Saxon gi-, Dutch ge-, Old High German ga- (German ge-), Old Norse g-, Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-). See also ker-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "y-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ẏ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Middle English abbreviation for ye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Middle English"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "you",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "y- is often confused with ye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "with ye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "the",
"word": "alternative form of þe due to typographic variation:"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 40 39",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": "In contrast"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 40 39",
"english": "not to be confused with the pronoun ye",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": "the standalone Middle English definite article ye is pronounced "
},
{
"_dis1": "20 40 39",
"english": "not to be confused with the pronoun ye",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": "ðeː"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 40 39",
"english": "not to be confused with the pronoun ye",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": ""
},
{
"_dis1": "20 40 39",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": "/ðɛ/"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 40 39",
"english": "the",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": ""
},
{
"_dis1": "20 40 39",
"english": "the",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": "ði"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 40 39",
"english": "the",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": " and is effectively an alternative spelling of þe"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 42 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to verbs as a perfective prefix or intensifier."
],
"id": "en-y--enm-prefix-FDnm7nyy",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 42 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns of association similar to English co-."
],
"id": "en-y--enm-prefix-PMLfNvZf",
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 42 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used with past participle conjugations to form past participles."
],
"id": "en-y--enm-prefix-OKfdclBl",
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
],
[
"conjugation",
"conjugation#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jə/",
"note": "early"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "early",
"word": "ȝe-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "i-"
}
],
"word": "y-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English prefixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "yclad"
},
{
"word": "ycleped"
},
{
"word": "yclept"
},
{
"word": "ydrad"
},
{
"english": "Modern English: enough",
"word": "ynough"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "y-",
"3": "a-",
"4": "i-"
},
"expansion": "English: y-, a-, i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: y-, a-, i- (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ee-"
},
"expansion": "Yola: ee-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: ee-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġe-",
"pos": "perfective and associative prefix"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġe- (perfective and associative prefix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm",
"4": "",
"5": "with"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "e-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian e-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "je-"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian je-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gi-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gi-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ga-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ga-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "German ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "g-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse g-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ġe- (perfective and associative prefix), from unstressed Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”). Cognate with Old Frisian e-, Central Franconian je-, Old Saxon gi-, Dutch ge-, Old High German ga- (German ge-), Old Norse g-, Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-). See also ker-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "y-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ẏ"
},
{
"word": "Middle English abbreviation for ye"
},
{
"word": "Middle English"
},
{
"english": "you",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "y- is often confused with ye"
},
{
"word": "with ye"
},
{
"english": "the",
"word": "alternative form of þe due to typographic variation:"
},
{
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": "In contrast"
},
{
"english": "not to be confused with the pronoun ye",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": "the standalone Middle English definite article ye is pronounced "
},
{
"english": "not to be confused with the pronoun ye",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": "ðeː"
},
{
"english": "not to be confused with the pronoun ye",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": ""
},
{
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": "/ðɛ/"
},
{
"english": "the",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": ""
},
{
"english": "the",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": "ði"
},
{
"english": "the",
"sense": "ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)",
"word": " and is effectively an alternative spelling of þe"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Added to verbs as a perfective prefix or intensifier."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns of association similar to English co-."
],
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used with past participle conjugations to form past participles."
],
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
],
[
"conjugation",
"conjugation#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jə/",
"note": "early"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "early",
"word": "ȝe-"
},
{
"word": "i-"
}
],
"word": "y-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for y- meaning in Middle English (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.