See writhen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "writhe"
},
"expansion": "English: writhe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: writhe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wryth",
"3": "writhe"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wryth, writhe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wryth, writhe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wrīþan"
},
"expansion": "Old English wrīþan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "vrīþa"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish vrīþa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rīden"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German rīden",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English wrīþan. Cognates include Old Swedish vrīþa and Middle High German rīden.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "writhen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to writhen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wroth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writhest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wroth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wroth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writhen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writhen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "writheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "writhynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writhende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writhen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wrethen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wrethe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywrithen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywrithe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "writhen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "writh",
"2": "wroth",
"3": "writh",
"4a": "wreth",
"c": "1"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "writhyng"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To form or make into a curve or bend; to make bent:",
"To bend or twist into a circular shape (as a wreath)"
],
"id": "en-writhen-enm-verb-DyB1wi1O",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"bend",
"bend"
],
[
"twist",
"twist"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To form or make into a curve or bend; to make bent:",
"To bend or twist as to distort; to writhe or wring."
],
"id": "en-writhen-enm-verb-NdQiSq8s",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"bend",
"bend"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To form or make into a curve or bend; to make bent:",
"To bend or twist as to snap or split; to twist out of position."
],
"id": "en-writhen-enm-verb-Lkm8meGl",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"bend",
"bend"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To writhe; to make a twisting motion (often while in pain)"
],
"id": "en-writhen-enm-verb-BpWoJkF8",
"links": [
[
"writhe",
"writhe"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 31 8 6 10 6 6 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move in a twisted or distorted way; to squirm."
],
"id": "en-writhen-enm-verb-OikdEAla",
"links": [
[
"twisted",
"twisted"
],
[
"distorted",
"distorted"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To force someone to fall over; to knock over."
],
"id": "en-writhen-enm-verb-j5jZiA6D",
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"fall over",
"fall over"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To connect two things or enclose one thing in another."
],
"id": "en-writhen-enm-verb-skwXz0JC"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 9 1 13 13 13 2 5 7 1 20 6 1 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 2 13 13 13 2 6 3 2 20 6 2 6 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 1 15 15 15 1 5 2 1 22 6 1 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 9 6 3 2 22 6 2 6 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "enm:Pain",
"parents": [
"Medical signs and symptoms",
"Perception",
"Health",
"Medicine",
"Body",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go or look away; to avoid involvement in an activity or matter."
],
"id": "en-writhen-enm-verb-LAUVA1as",
"links": [
[
"involvement",
"involvement"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To start a behaviour or acquire attributes."
],
"id": "en-writhen-enm-verb--rDtZCeD",
"links": [
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
],
[
"attributes",
"attributes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To start a behaviour or acquire attributes."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To twine two things together."
],
"id": "en-writhen-enm-verb-x9r4nTJt",
"links": [
[
"twine",
"twine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To twine two things together."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To be intertwined or twined together."
],
"id": "en-writhen-enm-verb-bHKt7BUq",
"links": [
[
"intertwined",
"intertwined"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To be intertwined or twined together."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "enm:Surgery",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To drill a hole by a twisting motion."
],
"id": "en-writhen-enm-verb-oNI9rVMN",
"links": [
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, surgery) To drill a hole by a twisting motion."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwriːðən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wryþen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wryþe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wrythyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wriþen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "writhyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "writhe"
}
],
"word": "writhen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 1 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Gaits",
"enm:Pain"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "writhe"
},
"expansion": "English: writhe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: writhe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wryth",
"3": "writhe"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wryth, writhe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wryth, writhe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wrīþan"
},
"expansion": "Old English wrīþan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "vrīþa"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish vrīþa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rīden"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German rīden",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English wrīþan. Cognates include Old Swedish vrīþa and Middle High German rīden.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "writhen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to writhen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wroth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writhest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wroth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wroth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writhen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writhen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "writheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "writhynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writhende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writhen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "writhe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wrethen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wrethe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywrithen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywrithe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "writhen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "writh",
"2": "wroth",
"3": "writh",
"4a": "wreth",
"c": "1"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "writhyng"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To form or make into a curve or bend; to make bent:",
"To bend or twist into a circular shape (as a wreath)"
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"bend",
"bend"
],
[
"twist",
"twist"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To form or make into a curve or bend; to make bent:",
"To bend or twist as to distort; to writhe or wring."
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"bend",
"bend"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To form or make into a curve or bend; to make bent:",
"To bend or twist as to snap or split; to twist out of position."
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"bend",
"bend"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To writhe; to make a twisting motion (often while in pain)"
],
"links": [
[
"writhe",
"writhe"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move in a twisted or distorted way; to squirm."
],
"links": [
[
"twisted",
"twisted"
],
[
"distorted",
"distorted"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To force someone to fall over; to knock over."
],
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"fall over",
"fall over"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To connect two things or enclose one thing in another."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To go or look away; to avoid involvement in an activity or matter."
],
"links": [
[
"involvement",
"involvement"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To start a behaviour or acquire attributes."
],
"links": [
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
],
[
"attributes",
"attributes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To start a behaviour or acquire attributes."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To twine two things together."
],
"links": [
[
"twine",
"twine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To twine two things together."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To be intertwined or twined together."
],
"links": [
[
"intertwined",
"intertwined"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To be intertwined or twined together."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Surgery"
],
"glosses": [
"To drill a hole by a twisting motion."
],
"links": [
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, surgery) To drill a hole by a twisting motion."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwriːðən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wryþen"
},
{
"word": "wryþe"
},
{
"word": "wrythyn"
},
{
"word": "wriþen"
},
{
"word": "writhyn"
},
{
"word": "writhe"
}
],
"word": "writhen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for writhen meaning in Middle English (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.