See wrake in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wrakedom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wrakeful"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
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"2": "wrack"
},
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}
],
"text": "English: wrack"
},
{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "rocke"
},
"expansion": "Yola: rocke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: rocke"
}
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},
"expansion": "Old English wracu",
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrakō"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English wracu, from Proto-Germanic *wrakō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wrakes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wrak",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wrack",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wracke",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wrach",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wrache",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wrace",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wraca",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wracæ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wræce",
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"alternative"
]
}
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"expansion": "wrake",
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wrake (plural wrakes)",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to exact vengeance or punishment",
"word": "wraken ()"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
{
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],
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],
"id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-7IkzOguu",
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[
"vengeance",
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],
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"retribution",
"retribution"
],
[
"revenge",
"revenge"
],
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"punishment",
"punishment"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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],
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"vengeance, retribution, revenge",
"an act of punishment or vengeance"
],
"id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-RCk5drFB",
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[
"vengeance",
"vengeance"
],
[
"retribution",
"retribution"
],
[
"revenge",
"revenge"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms with collocations",
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},
{
"_dis": "10 10 8 9 3 3 16 3 7 7 7 3 4 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
"_dis": "13 14 9 10 3 3 20 3 4 4 4 3 3 1 4",
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},
{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"vengeance, retribution, revenge",
"vengefulness"
],
"id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-B-4tFazA",
"links": [
[
"vengeance",
"vengeance"
],
[
"retribution",
"retribution"
],
[
"revenge",
"revenge"
],
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"vengefulness",
"vengefulness"
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{
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"english": "to exact vengeance on (somebody)",
"text": "haven/taken/nimen wrake on/upon/of",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vengeance, retribution, revenge"
],
"id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-1jF0N87-",
"links": [
[
"vengeance",
"vengeance"
],
[
"retribution",
"retribution"
],
[
"revenge",
"revenge"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruin, destruction, wreck",
"ruination, violation"
],
"id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-KxZUQGi7",
"links": [
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"wreck",
"wreck"
],
[
"ruination",
"ruination"
],
[
"violation",
"violation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruin, destruction, wreck",
"death"
],
"id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-Lyd52Bav",
"links": [
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"wreck",
"wreck"
],
[
"death",
"death"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"english": "to go to ruin",
"text": "gon to/unto wrake",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"english": "to fall into ruin",
"text": "fallen in-to wrake",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"english": "to bring to ruin",
"text": "bryngen/fallen wrake",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruin, destruction, wreck"
],
"id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-~QnSgkAW",
"links": [
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"wreck",
"wreck"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hostility, active enmity, discord"
],
"id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-IUQnii64",
"links": [
[
"hostility",
"hostility"
],
[
"enmity",
"enmity"
],
[
"discord",
"discord"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"physical pain, suffering, harm, injury"
],
"id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-BQfi3P~~",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"distress, woe, misery"
],
"id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-PmAngJ7d",
"links": [
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"woe",
"woe"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wrongdoing, transgression"
],
"id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-fKhi9C-4",
"links": [
[
"wrongdoing",
"wrongdoing"
],
[
"transgression",
"transgression"
]
]
}
],
"word": "wrake"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wrakedom"
},
{
"word": "wrakeful"
}
],
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{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wrack"
},
"expansion": "English: wrack",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: wrack"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "rocke"
},
"expansion": "Yola: rocke",
"name": "desc"
}
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}
],
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},
"expansion": "Old English wracu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "wracu"
},
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},
{
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrakō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrakō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English wracu, from Proto-Germanic *wrakō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wrakes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wrak",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wrack",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wracke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wrach",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wrache",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wrace",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wraca",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wracæ",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wræce",
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"alternative"
]
}
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"expansion": "wrake",
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},
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"args": {},
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
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{
"english": "to exact vengeance or punishment",
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{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"vengeance, retribution, revenge",
"an act of punishment or vengeance"
],
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"vengeance",
"vengeance"
],
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"retribution",
"retribution"
],
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"revenge",
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},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"vengeance, retribution, revenge",
"vengefulness"
],
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[
"vengeance",
"vengeance"
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[
"retribution",
"retribution"
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[
"revenge",
"revenge"
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},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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18,
23
]
],
"english": "to exact vengeance on (somebody)",
"text": "haven/taken/nimen wrake on/upon/of",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vengeance, retribution, revenge"
],
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[
"vengeance",
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],
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"retribution",
"retribution"
],
[
"revenge",
"revenge"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
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"ruin, destruction, wreck",
"ruination, violation"
],
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"ruin",
"ruin"
],
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"destruction",
"destruction"
],
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"wreck",
"wreck"
],
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"ruination",
"ruination"
],
[
"violation",
"violation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"ruin, destruction, wreck",
"death"
],
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[
"ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"wreck",
"wreck"
],
[
"death",
"death"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"english": "to go to ruin",
"text": "gon to/unto wrake",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"english": "to fall into ruin",
"text": "fallen in-to wrake",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"english": "to bring to ruin",
"text": "bryngen/fallen wrake",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruin, destruction, wreck"
],
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[
"ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
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"wreck",
"wreck"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hostility, active enmity, discord"
],
"links": [
[
"hostility",
"hostility"
],
[
"enmity",
"enmity"
],
[
"discord",
"discord"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"physical pain, suffering, harm, injury"
],
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"distress, woe, misery"
],
"links": [
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"woe",
"woe"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wrongdoing, transgression"
],
"links": [
[
"wrongdoing",
"wrongdoing"
],
[
"transgression",
"transgression"
]
]
}
],
"word": "wrake"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wrake meaning in Middle English (4.7kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''vengeance, retribution, reveng'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"wrake"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "wrake",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''ruin, destruction, wreck'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"wrake"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "wrake",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.