"wrake" meaning in Middle English

See wrake in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: wrakes [plural]
Etymology: Inherited from Old English wracu, from Proto-Germanic *wrakō. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|wracu|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English wracu, {{inh+|enm|ang|wracu}} Inherited from Old English wracu, {{der|enm|gem-pro|*wrakō}} Proto-Germanic *wrakō Head templates: {{head|enm|nouns|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} wrake, {{enm-noun}} wrake (plural wrakes)
  1. vengeance, retribution, revenge
    divine retribution or punishment
    Sense id: en-wrake-enm-noun-7IkzOguu Categories (other): Middle English terms with collocations
  2. vengeance, retribution, revenge
    an act of punishment or vengeance
    Sense id: en-wrake-enm-noun-RCk5drFB Categories (other): Middle English terms with collocations
  3. vengeance, retribution, revenge
    vengefulness
    Sense id: en-wrake-enm-noun-B-4tFazA Categories (other): Middle English terms with collocations, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 12 15 9 9 4 4 14 4 7 7 7 1 2 3 2 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 12 15 9 9 4 4 19 4 5 5 5 2 2 3 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 11 13 8 8 3 3 30 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 2
  4. vengeance, retribution, revenge
    Sense id: en-wrake-enm-noun-1jF0N87- Categories (other): Middle English terms with collocations
  5. ruin, destruction, wreck
    ruination, violation
    Sense id: en-wrake-enm-noun-KxZUQGi7 Categories (other): Middle English terms with collocations
  6. ruin, destruction, wreck
    death
    Sense id: en-wrake-enm-noun-Lyd52Bav Categories (other): Middle English terms with collocations
  7. ruin, destruction, wreck
    Sense id: en-wrake-enm-noun-~QnSgkAW Categories (other): Middle English terms with collocations
  8. hostility, active enmity, discord
    Sense id: en-wrake-enm-noun-IUQnii64
  9. physical pain, suffering, harm, injury
    Sense id: en-wrake-enm-noun-BQfi3P~~
  10. distress, woe, misery
    Sense id: en-wrake-enm-noun-PmAngJ7d
  11. wrongdoing, transgression
    Sense id: en-wrake-enm-noun-fKhi9C-4
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: wrak, wrack, wracke, wrach, wrache, wrace, wraca, wracæ, wræce Derived forms: wrakedom, wrakeful Related terms: wraken () (english: to exact vengeance or punishment)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrakedom"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrakeful"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "wrack"
          },
          "expansion": "English: wrack",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: wrack"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "rocke"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: rocke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: rocke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
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      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wracu",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wracu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wracu"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English wracu",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wrakō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrakō",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English wracu, from Proto-Germanic *wrakō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wrakes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "wrake",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "wrake (plural wrakes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to exact vengeance or punishment",
      "word": "wraken ()"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vengeance, retribution, revenge",
        "divine retribution or punishment"
      ],
      "id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-7IkzOguu",
      "links": [
        [
          "vengeance",
          "vengeance"
        ],
        [
          "retribution",
          "retribution"
        ],
        [
          "revenge",
          "revenge"
        ],
        [
          "punishment",
          "punishment"
        ]
      ]
    },
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      "categories": [
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            "Terms with collocations",
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vengeance, retribution, revenge",
        "an act of punishment or vengeance"
      ],
      "id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-RCk5drFB",
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          "vengeance",
          "vengeance"
        ],
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          "retribution",
          "retribution"
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          "name": "Middle English terms with collocations",
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        {
          "_dis": "12 15 9 9 4 4 14 4 7 7 7 1 2 3 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "12 15 9 9 4 4 19 4 5 5 5 2 2 3 3",
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vengeance, retribution, revenge",
        "vengefulness"
      ],
      "id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-B-4tFazA",
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        [
          "vengeance",
          "vengeance"
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        [
          "retribution",
          "retribution"
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        [
          "revenge",
          "revenge"
        ],
        [
          "vengefulness",
          "vengefulness"
        ]
      ]
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          "name": "Middle English terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to exact vengeance on (somebody)",
          "text": "haven/taken/nimen wrake on/upon/of",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vengeance, retribution, revenge"
      ],
      "id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-1jF0N87-",
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          "vengeance",
          "vengeance"
        ],
        [
          "retribution",
          "retribution"
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          "revenge",
          "revenge"
        ]
      ]
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          "name": "Middle English terms with collocations",
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            "Terms with collocations",
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ruin, destruction, wreck",
        "ruination, violation"
      ],
      "id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-KxZUQGi7",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
        [
          "wreck",
          "wreck"
        ],
        [
          "ruination",
          "ruination"
        ],
        [
          "violation",
          "violation"
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      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms with collocations",
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            "Terms with collocations",
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ruin, destruction, wreck",
        "death"
      ],
      "id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-Lyd52Bav",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
        [
          "wreck",
          "wreck"
        ],
        [
          "death",
          "death"
        ]
      ]
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            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
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        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to go to ruin",
          "text": "gon to/unto wrake",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to fall into ruin",
          "text": "fallen in-to wrake",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to bring to ruin",
          "text": "bryngen/fallen wrake",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ruin, destruction, wreck"
      ],
      "id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-~QnSgkAW",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
        [
          "wreck",
          "wreck"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hostility, active enmity, discord"
      ],
      "id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-IUQnii64",
      "links": [
        [
          "hostility",
          "hostility"
        ],
        [
          "enmity",
          "enmity"
        ],
        [
          "discord",
          "discord"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "physical pain, suffering, harm, injury"
      ],
      "id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-BQfi3P~~",
      "links": [
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "injury",
          "injury"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "distress, woe, misery"
      ],
      "id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-PmAngJ7d",
      "links": [
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ],
        [
          "woe",
          "woe"
        ],
        [
          "misery",
          "misery"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wrongdoing, transgression"
      ],
      "id": "en-wrake-enm-noun-fKhi9C-4",
      "links": [
        [
          "wrongdoing",
          "wrongdoing"
        ],
        [
          "transgression",
          "transgression"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrack"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wracke"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrach"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrache"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrace"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wraca"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wracæ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wræce"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wrake"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "wrakedom"
    },
    {
      "word": "wrakeful"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
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      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
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          "args": {
            "1": "en",
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          },
          "expansion": "English: wrack",
          "name": "desc"
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      ],
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    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
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            "1": "yol",
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    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English wracu, from Proto-Germanic *wrakō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wrakes",
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        "plural"
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    }
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      "expansion": "wrake",
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  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
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  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to exact vengeance or punishment",
      "word": "wraken ()"
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        "divine retribution or punishment"
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        "vengeance, retribution, revenge",
        "an act of punishment or vengeance"
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      "glosses": [
        "vengeance, retribution, revenge",
        "vengefulness"
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          "vengeance",
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        [
          "retribution",
          "retribution"
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        [
          "revenge",
          "revenge"
        ],
        [
          "vengefulness",
          "vengefulness"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with collocations"
      ],
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        {
          "english": "to exact vengeance on (somebody)",
          "text": "haven/taken/nimen wrake on/upon/of",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vengeance, retribution, revenge"
      ],
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        [
          "vengeance",
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          "retribution",
          "retribution"
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          "revenge",
          "revenge"
        ]
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    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with collocations"
      ],
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        "ruin, destruction, wreck",
        "ruination, violation"
      ],
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          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
        [
          "wreck",
          "wreck"
        ],
        [
          "ruination",
          "ruination"
        ],
        [
          "violation",
          "violation"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with collocations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ruin, destruction, wreck",
        "death"
      ],
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        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
        [
          "wreck",
          "wreck"
        ],
        [
          "death",
          "death"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to go to ruin",
          "text": "gon to/unto wrake",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to fall into ruin",
          "text": "fallen in-to wrake",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to bring to ruin",
          "text": "bryngen/fallen wrake",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ruin, destruction, wreck"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
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          "wreck",
          "wreck"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hostility, active enmity, discord"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hostility",
          "hostility"
        ],
        [
          "enmity",
          "enmity"
        ],
        [
          "discord",
          "discord"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "physical pain, suffering, harm, injury"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "injury",
          "injury"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "distress, woe, misery"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ],
        [
          "woe",
          "woe"
        ],
        [
          "misery",
          "misery"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wrongdoing, transgression"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wrongdoing",
          "wrongdoing"
        ],
        [
          "transgression",
          "transgression"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "wrak"
    },
    {
      "word": "wrack"
    },
    {
      "word": "wracke"
    },
    {
      "word": "wrach"
    },
    {
      "word": "wrache"
    },
    {
      "word": "wrace"
    },
    {
      "word": "wraca"
    },
    {
      "word": "wracæ"
    },
    {
      "word": "wræce"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wrake"
}

Download raw JSONL data for wrake meaning in Middle English (4.4kB)

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  "path": [
    "wrake"
  ],
  "section": "Middle English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "wrake",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.