See vexen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vex"
},
"expansion": "English: vex",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: vex"
},
{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "vex"
},
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{
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"3": "vexō",
"4": "vexō, vexāre"
},
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],
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{
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"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "vexen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to vexen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexeth",
"source": "conjugation",
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"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
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},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yvexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vex",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wexe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "vexen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vex"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "avexen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vexacioun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vexynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To afflict; to hurt (someone)"
],
"id": "en-vexen-enm-verb-QihuzJ2T",
"links": [
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To spoil; to devastate (a region)"
],
"id": "en-vexen-enm-verb-8Tkom5wj",
"links": [
[
"spoil",
"spoil"
],
[
"devastate",
"devastate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To harass; to bother (someone)"
],
"id": "en-vexen-enm-verb-mE4hASwL",
"links": [
[
"harass",
"harass"
],
[
"bother",
"bother"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 28 9 2 6 3 26 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 33 2 1 2 2 31 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 0 19 45 16 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "enm:Pain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bring legal action (against someone)"
],
"id": "en-vexen-enm-verb-YRy0~w5q",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) To bring legal action (against someone)"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To distress; to torment (someone)"
],
"id": "en-vexen-enm-verb-jJeAsMmp",
"links": [
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɛksən/"
}
],
"word": "vexen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "vexen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to grow",
"word": "waxen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of waxen (“to grow”)"
],
"id": "en-vexen-enm-verb-5UkIaBhM",
"links": [
[
"waxen",
"waxen#Middle_English:_to_grow"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "vexen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Pain"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vex"
},
"expansion": "English: vex",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: vex"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "vex"
},
"expansion": "Scots: vex",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: vex"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vexer"
},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "vexō",
"4": "vexō, vexāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin vexō, vexāre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French vexer, from Latin vexō, vexāre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "vexen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to vexen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yvexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vex",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wexe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "vexen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vex"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "avexen"
},
{
"word": "vexacioun"
},
{
"word": "vexynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To afflict; to hurt (someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To spoil; to devastate (a region)"
],
"links": [
[
"spoil",
"spoil"
],
[
"devastate",
"devastate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To harass; to bother (someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"harass",
"harass"
],
[
"bother",
"bother"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To bring legal action (against someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) To bring legal action (against someone)"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To distress; to torment (someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɛksən/"
}
],
"word": "vexen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Pain"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "vexen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to grow",
"word": "waxen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of waxen (“to grow”)"
],
"links": [
[
"waxen",
"waxen#Middle_English:_to_grow"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "vexen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vexen meaning in Middle English (4.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.