"turnen" meaning in Middle English

See turnen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Old English turnian, tyrnan (“to turn, rotate, revolve”) and Old French torner (“to turn”), both from Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”), from tornus (“lathe”), from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “a tool used for making circles”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”). Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|turnian}} Old English turnian, {{bor|enm|fro|torner||to turn}} Old French torner (“to turn”), {{der|enm|la|tornāre||to round off, turn in a lathe}} Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”), {{der|enm|grc|τόρνος||a tool used for making circles}} Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “a tool used for making circles”), {{der|enm|ine-pro|*terh₁-||to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore}} Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} turnen, {{enm-verb|stem=turn}} turnen (third-person singular simple present turneth, present participle turnende, turnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle turned) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|turn}} Forms: turneth [present, singular, third-person], turnende [participle, present], turnynge [participle, present], turned [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], turnen [infinitive], to turnen [infinitive], turne [infinitive], turne [first-person, present, singular], turned [first-person, past, singular], turnest [present, second-person, singular], turnedest [past, second-person, singular], turneth [present, singular, third-person], turned [past, singular, third-person], turne [present, singular, subjunctive], turned [past, singular, subjunctive], turne [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], turnen [plural, present], turne [plural, present], turneden [past, plural], turnede [past, plural], turneth [imperative, plural, present], turne [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], turnynge [participle, present], turnende [participle, present], turned [participle, past], yturned [participle, past]
  1. to turn
    Sense id: en-turnen-enm-verb-4s29iXOP Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with 4 entries Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 23 24 26 23 4
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "turn"
          },
          "expansion": "English: turn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: turn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "turn"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: turn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: turn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "turnian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English turnian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "torner",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French torner (“to turn”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "tornāre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to round off, turn in a lathe"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "τόρνος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a tool used for making circles"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “a tool used for making circles”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*terh₁-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English turnian, tyrnan (“to turn, rotate, revolve”) and Old French torner (“to turn”), both from Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”), from tornus (“lathe”), from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “a tool used for making circles”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "turneth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to turnen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turneden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yturned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "turnen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "turn"
      },
      "expansion": "turnen (third-person singular simple present turneth, present participle turnende, turnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle turned)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "turn"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 24 26 23 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to turn"
      ],
      "id": "en-turnen-enm-verb-4s29iXOP",
      "links": [
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "turnen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "turn"
          },
          "expansion": "English: turn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: turn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "turn"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: turn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: turn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "turnian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English turnian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "torner",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French torner (“to turn”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "tornāre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to round off, turn in a lathe"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "τόρνος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a tool used for making circles"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “a tool used for making circles”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*terh₁-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English turnian, tyrnan (“to turn, rotate, revolve”) and Old French torner (“to turn”), both from Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”), from tornus (“lathe”), from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “a tool used for making circles”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "turneth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to turnen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turneden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yturned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "turnen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "turn"
      },
      "expansion": "turnen (third-person singular simple present turneth, present participle turnende, turnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle turned)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "turn"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
        "Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
        "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
        "Middle English verbs",
        "Middle English weak verbs",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to turn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "turnen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for turnen meaning in Middle English (5.1kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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