"turnen" meaning in Middle English

See turnen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Old English turnian, tyrnan (“to turn, rotate, revolve”) and Old French torner (“to turn”), both from Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”), from tornus (“lathe”), from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “a tool used for making circles”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”). Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|turnian}} Old English turnian, {{bor|enm|fro|torner||to turn}} Old French torner (“to turn”), {{der|enm|la|tornāre||to round off, turn in a lathe}} Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”), {{der|enm|grc|τόρνος||a tool used for making circles}} Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “a tool used for making circles”), {{der|enm|ine-pro|*terh₁-||to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore}} Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} turnen, {{enm-verb|stem=turn}} turnen (third-person singular simple present turneth, present participle turnende, turnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle turned) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|turn}} Forms: turneth [present, singular, third-person], turnende [participle, present], turnynge [participle, present], turned [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], weak [table-tags], turnen [infinitive], to turnen [infinitive], turne [infinitive], turne [first-person, present, singular], turned [first-person, past, singular], turnest [present, second-person, singular], turnedest [past, second-person, singular], turneth [present, singular, third-person], turned [past, singular, third-person], turne [present, singular, subjunctive], turned [past, singular, subjunctive], turne [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], turnen [plural, present], turne [plural, present], turneden [past, plural], turnede [past, plural], turneth [imperative, plural, present], turne [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], turnynge [participle, present], turnende [participle, present], turned [participle, past], yturned [participle, past]
  1. to turn
    Sense id: en-turnen-enm-verb-4s29iXOP Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for turnen meaning in Middle English (4.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "turn"
          },
          "expansion": "English: turn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: turn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "turn"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: turn",
          "name": "desc"
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      "text": "Scots: turn"
    }
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  "etymology_templates": [
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        "2": "ang",
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "torner",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French torner (“to turn”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "tornāre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to round off, turn in a lathe"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "τόρνος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a tool used for making circles"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “a tool used for making circles”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "ine-pro",
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        "4": "",
        "5": "to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English turnian, tyrnan (“to turn, rotate, revolve”) and Old French torner (“to turn”), both from Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”), from tornus (“lathe”), from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “a tool used for making circles”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "turneth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to turnen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turneden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yturned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "turnen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "turn"
      },
      "expansion": "turnen (third-person singular simple present turneth, present participle turnende, turnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle turned)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "turn"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to turn"
      ],
      "id": "en-turnen-enm-verb-4s29iXOP",
      "links": [
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "turnen"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "turn"
          },
          "expansion": "English: turn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: turn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "turn"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: turn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: turn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "turnian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English turnian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "torner",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French torner (“to turn”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "tornāre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to round off, turn in a lathe"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "τόρνος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a tool used for making circles"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “a tool used for making circles”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
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      "args": {
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        "4": "",
        "5": "to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English turnian, tyrnan (“to turn, rotate, revolve”) and Old French torner (“to turn”), both from Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”), from tornus (“lathe”), from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “a tool used for making circles”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "turneth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "table-tags"
      ]
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    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to turnen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turneden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turnende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yturned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "turnen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "turn"
      },
      "expansion": "turnen (third-person singular simple present turneth, present participle turnende, turnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle turned)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "turn"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
        "Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
        "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
        "Middle English verbs",
        "Middle English weak verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to turn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "turnen"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.