See tool in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tool"
},
"expansion": "English: tool",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: tool"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tuil"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tuil",
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}
],
"text": "Scots: tuil"
}
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tōlą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tōlą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tōl, from Proto-Germanic *tōlą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tolen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tole",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tol",
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"alternative"
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{
"form": "toole",
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"expansion": "tool",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toles",
"pl2": "tolen"
},
"expansion": "tool (plural toles or tolen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 14 7 3 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 20 4 14",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Tools",
"orig": "enm:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
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},
{
"_dis": "35 37 13 2 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
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"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
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"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tool, implement, or instrument."
],
"id": "en-tool-enm-noun-enm:tool",
"links": [
[
"tool",
"tool#English"
],
[
"implement",
"implement"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:tool"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 14 7 3 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 20 4 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "enm:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 37 13 2 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
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"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
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"Society",
"Technology",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An instrument of war; an armament."
],
"id": "en-tool-enm-noun-pqndyJ-O",
"links": [
[
"instrument",
"instrument"
],
[
"war",
"war"
],
[
"armament",
"armament"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 28 20 4 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "enm:Tools",
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"Technology",
"All topics",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 37 13 2 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
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"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A device used for torturing or interrogration."
],
"id": "en-tool-enm-noun-wWunEcWg",
"links": [
[
"device",
"device"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A device used for torturing or interrogration."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A penis."
],
"id": "en-tool-enm-noun-KFrQ904s",
"links": [
[
"penis",
"penis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, vulgar) A penis."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"vulgar"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toːl/"
}
],
"word": "tool"
}
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"expansion": "tool",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "toll"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 14 7 3 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 20 4 14",
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"langcode": "enm",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 37 13 2 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
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"Hunting",
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"Society",
"Technology",
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"All topics",
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"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of toll."
],
"id": "en-tool-enm-noun-enm:toll",
"links": [
[
"toll",
"toll#Middle_English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:toll"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "tool"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
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"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Tools",
"enm:Weapons"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tool"
},
"expansion": "English: tool",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: tool"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tuil"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tuil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: tuil"
}
],
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{
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},
{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tōlą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tōlą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tōl, from Proto-Germanic *tōlą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tolen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tole",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tol",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "toole",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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"expansion": "tool",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toles",
"pl2": "tolen"
},
"expansion": "tool (plural toles or tolen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A tool, implement, or instrument."
],
"links": [
[
"tool",
"tool#English"
],
[
"implement",
"implement"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:tool"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An instrument of war; an armament."
],
"links": [
[
"instrument",
"instrument"
],
[
"war",
"war"
],
[
"armament",
"armament"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A device used for torturing or interrogration."
],
"links": [
[
"device",
"device"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A device used for torturing or interrogration."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English vulgarities"
],
"glosses": [
"A penis."
],
"links": [
[
"penis",
"penis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, vulgar) A penis."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"vulgar"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toːl/"
}
],
"word": "tool"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English lemmas",
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"enm:Tools",
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],
"etymology_number": 2,
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"expansion": "tool",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "toll"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of toll."
],
"links": [
[
"toll",
"toll#Middle_English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:toll"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "tool"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tool meaning in Middle English (2.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.