See strengthen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "strength"
},
"expansion": "English: strength",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: strength"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strengthe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "strengthe + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From strengthe + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to strengthen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strengtheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strengtheden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strengtheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ystrengthed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strenkþen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strengþen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strengþe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strengþi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strenght",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strenthe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "streynght",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "streynthyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "streyngthe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strengðden",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strengþin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strencþen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "strengthen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "strength"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1395, John Wycliffe, Bible, Job IV:",
"text": "Lo! thou hast tauȝt ful many men, and thou hast strengthid hondis maad feynt.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to strengthen, fortify (increase the strength of)"
],
"id": "en-strengthen-enm-verb-EuvhMEns",
"links": [
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen#English"
],
[
"fortify",
"fortify"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to empower, to augment (increase the potency or severity of)"
],
"id": "en-strengthen-enm-verb-ARDbpKOk",
"links": [
[
"empower",
"empower"
],
[
"augment",
"augment"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 23 4 3 4 4 7 5 22 3 4 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 6 5 5 5 7 6 16 5 5 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 22 5 4 5 4 6 5 25 4 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 26 4 3 4 3 5 4 33 3 4 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to enhearten, to encourage (increase the morale of)"
],
"id": "en-strengthen-enm-verb-LiQVOQVr",
"links": [
[
"enhearten",
"enhearten"
],
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to assist, to support (someone or something)"
],
"id": "en-strengthen-enm-verb-CKSKBJJ6",
"links": [
[
"assist",
"assist"
],
[
"support",
"support"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to substantiate; to corroborate (a belief, argument, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-strengthen-enm-verb-5DzVVMxK",
"links": [
[
"substantiate",
"substantiate"
],
[
"corroborate",
"corroborate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to approve or validate (a document)."
],
"id": "en-strengthen-enm-verb-vFYo6Aeh",
"links": [
[
"approve",
"approve"
],
[
"validate",
"validate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to endeavour; to rouse oneself."
],
"id": "en-strengthen-enm-verb-Ld0K0uK7",
"links": [
[
"endeavour",
"endeavour"
],
[
"rouse",
"rouse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɛnkθən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɛnɡðən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɛnθən/",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɛi̯nθən/",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"word": "strengthen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "strength"
},
"expansion": "English: strength",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: strength"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strengthe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "strengthe + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From strengthe + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to strengthen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strengtheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strengtheden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strengtheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ystrengthed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strenkþen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strengþen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strengþe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strengþi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strengthe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strenght",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strenthe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "streynght",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "streynthyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "streyngthe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strengðden",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strengþin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "strencþen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "strengthen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "strength"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1395, John Wycliffe, Bible, Job IV:",
"text": "Lo! thou hast tauȝt ful many men, and thou hast strengthid hondis maad feynt.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to strengthen, fortify (increase the strength of)"
],
"links": [
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen#English"
],
[
"fortify",
"fortify"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to empower, to augment (increase the potency or severity of)"
],
"links": [
[
"empower",
"empower"
],
[
"augment",
"augment"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to enhearten, to encourage (increase the morale of)"
],
"links": [
[
"enhearten",
"enhearten"
],
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to assist, to support (someone or something)"
],
"links": [
[
"assist",
"assist"
],
[
"support",
"support"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to substantiate; to corroborate (a belief, argument, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"substantiate",
"substantiate"
],
[
"corroborate",
"corroborate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to approve or validate (a document)."
],
"links": [
[
"approve",
"approve"
],
[
"validate",
"validate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to endeavour; to rouse oneself."
],
"links": [
[
"endeavour",
"endeavour"
],
[
"rouse",
"rouse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɛnkθən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɛnɡðən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɛnθən/",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrɛi̯nθən/",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"word": "strengthen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for strengthen meaning in Middle English (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.