See staf in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "staff",
"3": "stave"
},
"expansion": "English: staff, stave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: staff, stave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "staf",
"3": "staff"
},
"expansion": "Scots: staf, staff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: staf, staff"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "stheeves",
"qq": "plural"
},
"expansion": "Yola: stheeves (plural)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: stheeves (plural)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stæf"
},
"expansion": "Old English stæf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stab",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English stæf, from Proto-West Germanic *stab.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "staves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staffes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stæf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "steaf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "steave",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stef",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "staaf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "staffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stave",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "staff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "staf",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "staves",
"pl2": "staven",
"pl3": "staffes"
},
"expansion": "staf (plural staves or staven or staffes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bocstaff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "distaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "staffull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stafflike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stafslynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 3 13 12 3 11 13 4 10 1 10 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 6 7 8 4 6 8 14 5 2 11 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Writing",
"orig": "enm:Writing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A staff used to support one's movement; a crutch."
],
"id": "en-staf-enm-noun-rVhuNZfY",
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A blunt or poled weapon; a club or mace."
],
"id": "en-staf-enm-noun-shVu-4rv",
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 12 2 2 6 3 12 12 2 12 11 2 11 2 5 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 1 1 4 2 14 13 1 13 14 1 13 1 3 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 3 13 12 3 11 13 4 10 1 10 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 17 14 2 14 13 3 14 2 2 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "enm:Units of measure",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 13 13 2 13 13 2 13 9 2 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A clerical staff, often curled; a crozier."
],
"id": "en-staf-enm-noun-zSyusblE",
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"crozier",
"crozier"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 12 2 2 6 3 12 12 2 12 11 2 11 2 5 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 1 1 4 2 14 13 1 13 14 1 13 1 3 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 3 13 12 3 11 13 4 10 1 10 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 17 14 2 14 13 3 14 2 2 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "enm:Units of measure",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 13 13 2 13 13 2 13 9 2 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A staff serving as an emblem of authority and rulership."
],
"id": "en-staf-enm-noun-gXqADaWX",
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A bar of a ladder (either vertical or horizontal)"
],
"id": "en-staf-enm-noun-4LcQ4H8j",
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 12 2 2 6 3 12 12 2 12 11 2 11 2 5 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 1 1 4 2 14 13 1 13 14 1 13 1 3 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 3 13 12 3 11 13 4 10 1 10 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 17 14 2 14 13 3 14 2 2 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "enm:Units of measure",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 13 13 2 13 13 2 13 9 2 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A rod for conveying or transporting items upon."
],
"id": "en-staf-enm-noun-9jeyAI3h",
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 12 2 2 6 3 12 12 2 12 11 2 11 2 5 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 1 1 4 2 14 13 1 13 14 1 13 1 3 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 3 13 12 3 11 13 4 10 1 10 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 17 14 2 14 13 3 14 2 2 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "enm:Units of measure",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 13 13 2 13 13 2 13 9 2 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A staff for blending or mixing ingredients."
],
"id": "en-staf-enm-noun-bNO94D5d",
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 6 7 8 4 6 8 14 5 2 11 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Writing",
"orig": "enm:Writing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A letter of the alphabet."
],
"id": "en-staf-enm-noun-r9j7hD8G",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) A letter of the alphabet."
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 12 2 2 6 3 12 12 2 12 11 2 11 2 5 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 1 1 4 2 14 13 1 13 14 1 13 1 3 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 3 13 12 3 11 13 4 10 1 10 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 17 14 2 14 13 3 14 2 2 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "enm:Units of measure",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 13 13 2 13 13 2 13 9 2 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One's nourishment or lifeblood; that which aids one."
],
"id": "en-staf-enm-noun-eX2yoGo1",
"links": [
[
"lifeblood",
"lifeblood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) One's nourishment or lifeblood; that which aids one."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A metaphorical arm or weapon; a tool of figurative battle."
],
"id": "en-staf-enm-noun-~~xp2LF3",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) A metaphorical arm or weapon; a tool of figurative battle."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 4 4 8 9 4 9 5 4 4 32 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 6 7 8 4 6 8 14 5 2 11 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Writing",
"orig": "enm:Writing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A limb, tillow or twig."
],
"id": "en-staf-enm-noun-9gK0cDqH",
"links": [
[
"tillow",
"tillow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A limb, tillow or twig."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 2 17 14 2 14 13 3 14 2 2 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "enm:Units of measure",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A measure for area."
],
"id": "en-staf-enm-noun-Fqc7Uvt5",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A measure for area."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 61",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Poetry",
"orig": "enm:Poetry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 6 7 8 4 6 8 14 5 2 11 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Writing",
"orig": "enm:Writing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A poetic verse."
],
"id": "en-staf-enm-noun-huAWWHYx",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A poetic verse."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/staf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/staːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːv(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "staf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Poetry",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Units of measure",
"enm:Weapons",
"enm:Writing"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "staff",
"3": "stave"
},
"expansion": "English: staff, stave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: staff, stave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "staf",
"3": "staff"
},
"expansion": "Scots: staf, staff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: staf, staff"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "stheeves",
"qq": "plural"
},
"expansion": "Yola: stheeves (plural)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: stheeves (plural)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stæf"
},
"expansion": "Old English stæf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stab",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English stæf, from Proto-West Germanic *stab.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "staves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staffes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stæf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "steaf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "steave",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stef",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "staaf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "staffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stave",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "staff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
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},
"expansion": "staf",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "staves",
"pl2": "staven",
"pl3": "staffes"
},
"expansion": "staf (plural staves or staven or staffes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bocstaff"
},
{
"word": "distaf"
},
{
"word": "staffull"
},
{
"word": "stafflike"
},
{
"word": "stafslynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A staff used to support one's movement; a crutch."
],
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A blunt or poled weapon; a club or mace."
],
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A clerical staff, often curled; a crozier."
],
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"crozier",
"crozier"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A staff serving as an emblem of authority and rulership."
],
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A bar of a ladder (either vertical or horizontal)"
],
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A rod for conveying or transporting items upon."
],
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:",
"A staff for blending or mixing ingredients."
],
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"A letter of the alphabet."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) A letter of the alphabet."
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"One's nourishment or lifeblood; that which aids one."
],
"links": [
[
"lifeblood",
"lifeblood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) One's nourishment or lifeblood; that which aids one."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A metaphorical arm or weapon; a tool of figurative battle."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) A metaphorical arm or weapon; a tool of figurative battle."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A limb, tillow or twig."
],
"links": [
[
"tillow",
"tillow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A limb, tillow or twig."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A measure for area."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A measure for area."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A poetic verse."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A poetic verse."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/staf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/staːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːv(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "staf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for staf meaning in Middle English (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.