See skift in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "skipta",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skipta (verb)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "skipti",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skipti (noun)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skiftijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Old Norse skipta (verb) and Old Norse skipti (noun), from Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "skifts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "skift",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "skift (plural skifts)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "There be many knyghtes that hath envy to us; Therefore whan we shall mete at the day of justis there woll be harde skyffte for us. — Malory"
}
],
"glosses": [
"share, portion, lot"
],
"id": "en-skift-enm-noun-3zOdkMOo",
"links": [
[
"share",
"share"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"lot",
"lot"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fate"
],
"id": "en-skift-enm-noun-d0oT2oz-",
"links": [
[
"fate",
"fate"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Make ye as good skyffte as ye can, ye shall bere this lady with you on horsebak unto the Pope of Rome. — Malory"
}
],
"glosses": [
"effort, attempt, try"
],
"id": "en-skift-enm-noun-YLjH2g9S",
"links": [
[
"effort",
"effort"
],
[
"attempt",
"attempt"
],
[
"try",
"try"
]
]
}
],
"word": "skift"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "skipta",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skipta (verb)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "skipti",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skipti (noun)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skiftijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Old Norse skipta (verb) and Old Norse skipti (noun), from Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "skifteth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skifted",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "skift",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to skift",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skifte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skifte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skifted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skifteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skifted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skifte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "skifted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "skifte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skiften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skifte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skifteden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skifteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skifte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skifted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yskifted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "skift",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "skift"
},
"expansion": "skift (third-person singular simple present skifteth, present participle skiftende, skiftynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle skifted)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "skift",
"head": "skift"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 3 3 2 3 4 23 8 3 4 2 19 1 1 4 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 2 2 2 2 3 29 10 2 3 1 23 1 1 3 1 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 8 31 14 3 9 4 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to divide, share, distribute, divide up; also, be divided"
],
"id": "en-skift-enm-verb-6Y9SgRcy",
"links": [
[
"divide",
"divide"
],
[
"share",
"share"
],
[
"distribute",
"distribute"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to disperse, scatter ~ in sonder,"
],
"id": "en-skift-enm-verb-Vs1WCNPk",
"links": [
[
"disperse",
"disperse"
],
[
"scatter",
"scatter"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "even skifted, evenly matched in number, in equal strength"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to give a fair share ~ even,"
],
"id": "en-skift-enm-verb-v~P12sDI"
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Prose Life of Alexander",
"text": "Grete godd wolde so wisely skifte all thynges."
}
],
"glosses": [
"to arrange, ordain, cause to occur, rule, manage"
],
"id": "en-skift-enm-verb-Z9hTewqx",
"links": [
[
"arrange",
"arrange"
],
[
"ordain",
"ordain"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"manage",
"manage"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to protect, save"
],
"id": "en-skift-enm-verb-hzgkp4Ee",
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"save",
"save"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "be skifted of, She was aferde of hym..and she cowde not be skyfte … of hym by no meane. — Malory"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to evade, be rid of."
],
"id": "en-skift-enm-verb-JGzxtsPp",
"links": [
[
"evade",
"evade"
]
]
}
],
"word": "skift"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "skipta",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skipta (verb)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "skipti",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skipti (noun)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skiftijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Old Norse skipta (verb) and Old Norse skipti (noun), from Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "skifts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "skift",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "skift (plural skifts)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "There be many knyghtes that hath envy to us; Therefore whan we shall mete at the day of justis there woll be harde skyffte for us. — Malory"
}
],
"glosses": [
"share, portion, lot"
],
"links": [
[
"share",
"share"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"lot",
"lot"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fate"
],
"links": [
[
"fate",
"fate"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Make ye as good skyffte as ye can, ye shall bere this lady with you on horsebak unto the Pope of Rome. — Malory"
}
],
"glosses": [
"effort, attempt, try"
],
"links": [
[
"effort",
"effort"
],
[
"attempt",
"attempt"
],
[
"try",
"try"
]
]
}
],
"word": "skift"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "skipta",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skipta (verb)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "skipti",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skipti (noun)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skiftijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Old Norse skipta (verb) and Old Norse skipti (noun), from Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "skifteth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skifted",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "skift",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to skift",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skifte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skifte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skifted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skifteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skifted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skifte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "skifted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "skifte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skiften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skifte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skifteden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skifteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skifte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skiftende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skifted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yskifted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "skift",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "skift"
},
"expansion": "skift (third-person singular simple present skifteth, present participle skiftende, skiftynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle skifted)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "skift",
"head": "skift"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to divide, share, distribute, divide up; also, be divided"
],
"links": [
[
"divide",
"divide"
],
[
"share",
"share"
],
[
"distribute",
"distribute"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to disperse, scatter ~ in sonder,"
],
"links": [
[
"disperse",
"disperse"
],
[
"scatter",
"scatter"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "even skifted, evenly matched in number, in equal strength"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to give a fair share ~ even,"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Prose Life of Alexander",
"text": "Grete godd wolde so wisely skifte all thynges."
}
],
"glosses": [
"to arrange, ordain, cause to occur, rule, manage"
],
"links": [
[
"arrange",
"arrange"
],
[
"ordain",
"ordain"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"manage",
"manage"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to protect, save"
],
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"save",
"save"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "be skifted of, She was aferde of hym..and she cowde not be skyfte … of hym by no meane. — Malory"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to evade, be rid of."
],
"links": [
[
"evade",
"evade"
]
]
}
],
"word": "skift"
}
Download raw JSONL data for skift meaning in Middle English (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.