See pynden in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pind",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "English: pind (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pind (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "poynd",
"3": "puynd"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: poynd, puynd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: poynd, puynd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "pund",
"3": "puind",
"4": "poind",
"5": "pynd",
"6": "pind"
},
"expansion": "Scots: pund, puind, poind, pynd, pind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: pund, puind, poind, pynd, pind"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "poind",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: poind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: poind"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*pyndan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English *pyndan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*pyndan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English *pyndan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*pundijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *pundijan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English *pyndan (and derived ġepyndan), from Proto-West Germanic *pundijan; compare pound.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pyndeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pynd",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to pynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ypynd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ypynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pynden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pyndeth",
"2": "pyndynge",
"3": "pynde",
"4": "pynd"
},
"expansion": "pynden (third-person singular simple present pyndeth, present participle pyndynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative pynde, past participle pynd)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pynd",
"class": "de",
"class2": "ed"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 29 29 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 21 21 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Human behaviour",
"orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 32 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Prison",
"orig": "enm:Prison",
"parents": [
"Buildings",
"Law enforcement",
"Buildings and structures",
"Crime prevention",
"Emergency services",
"Law",
"Architecture",
"Crime",
"Public safety",
"Justice",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Public administration",
"Security",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Government",
"Fundamental",
"Politics"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 21 21 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:",
"To shut up in a pound; to impound."
],
"id": "en-pynden-enm-verb-HwJ98rrA",
"links": [
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"confine",
"confine"
],
[
"pound",
"pound"
],
[
"impound",
"impound"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:",
"(of animals) To shut up in a pound; to impound."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 29 29 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 32 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Prison",
"orig": "enm:Prison",
"parents": [
"Buildings",
"Law enforcement",
"Buildings and structures",
"Crime prevention",
"Emergency services",
"Law",
"Architecture",
"Crime",
"Public safety",
"Justice",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Public administration",
"Security",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Government",
"Fundamental",
"Politics"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:",
"To jail or imprison."
],
"id": "en-pynden-enm-verb-c6G4Koz-",
"links": [
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"confine",
"confine"
],
[
"jail",
"jail"
],
[
"imprison",
"imprison"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:",
"(of people) To jail or imprison."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 29 29 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 32 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Prison",
"orig": "enm:Prison",
"parents": [
"Buildings",
"Law enforcement",
"Buildings and structures",
"Crime prevention",
"Emergency services",
"Law",
"Architecture",
"Crime",
"Public safety",
"Justice",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Public administration",
"Security",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Government",
"Fundamental",
"Politics"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:",
"To check or restrain oneself."
],
"id": "en-pynden-enm-verb-V4JKoUzT",
"links": [
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"confine",
"confine"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"restrain",
"restrain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:",
"(figuratively, rare) To check or restrain oneself."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To pierce or poke."
],
"id": "en-pynden-enm-verb-L9TSOtQk",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"poke",
"poke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, poetic) To pierce or poke."
],
"tags": [
"poetic",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiːndən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpindən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpyːnd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Western"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpynd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Western"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpund(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Western"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpeːnd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"East-Anglia",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"East-Anglia",
"Kent"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pende"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "peynde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "poyne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "puinde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pynde"
}
],
"word": "pynden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Human behaviour",
"enm:Prison",
"enm:Violence"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pind",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "English: pind (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pind (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "poynd",
"3": "puynd"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: poynd, puynd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: poynd, puynd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "pund",
"3": "puind",
"4": "poind",
"5": "pynd",
"6": "pind"
},
"expansion": "Scots: pund, puind, poind, pynd, pind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: pund, puind, poind, pynd, pind"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "poind",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: poind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: poind"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*pyndan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English *pyndan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*pyndan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English *pyndan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*pundijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *pundijan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English *pyndan (and derived ġepyndan), from Proto-West Germanic *pundijan; compare pound.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pyndeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pynd",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to pynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pyndende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ypynd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ypynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pynden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pyndeth",
"2": "pyndynge",
"3": "pynde",
"4": "pynd"
},
"expansion": "pynden (third-person singular simple present pyndeth, present participle pyndynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative pynde, past participle pynd)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pynd",
"class": "de",
"class2": "ed"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:",
"To shut up in a pound; to impound."
],
"links": [
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"confine",
"confine"
],
[
"pound",
"pound"
],
[
"impound",
"impound"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:",
"(of animals) To shut up in a pound; to impound."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:",
"To jail or imprison."
],
"links": [
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"confine",
"confine"
],
[
"jail",
"jail"
],
[
"imprison",
"imprison"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:",
"(of people) To jail or imprison."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:",
"To check or restrain oneself."
],
"links": [
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"confine",
"confine"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"restrain",
"restrain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:",
"(figuratively, rare) To check or restrain oneself."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English poetic terms",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To pierce or poke."
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"poke",
"poke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, poetic) To pierce or poke."
],
"tags": [
"poetic",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiːndən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpindən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpyːnd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Western"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpynd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Western"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpund(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Western"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpeːnd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"East-Anglia",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"East-Anglia",
"Kent"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pende"
},
{
"word": "peynde"
},
{
"word": "poyne"
},
{
"word": "puinde"
},
{
"word": "pynde"
}
],
"word": "pynden"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pynden meaning in Middle English (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.