See poudren in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "powder"
},
"expansion": "English: powder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: powder"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "pouder",
"3": "pouther"
},
"expansion": "Scots: pouder, pouther",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: pouder, pouther"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "poudrer"
},
"expansion": "Old French poudrer",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "poudre",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "poudre + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French poudrer, from poudre; equivalent to poudre + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "poudren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to poudren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "poudre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "poudre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poudred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poudrest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poudredest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poudreth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "poudred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "poudre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "poudred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "poudre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poudren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "poudre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "poudreden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poudrede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poudreth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "poudre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poudrynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "poudrende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "poudred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ypoudred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "poudren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poudr"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 8 8 7 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 13 11 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 7 7 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 5 5 32 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To powder; to turn into powder, usually by grinding."
],
"id": "en-poudren-enm-verb-DCVBTGX5",
"links": [
[
"powder",
"powder"
],
[
"grinding",
"grinding"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 12 13 11 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 26 15 18 13 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Cooking",
"orig": "enm:Cooking",
"parents": [
"Food and drink",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To preserve or ferment food; to add powder to food as to make it last."
],
"id": "en-poudren-enm-verb-g3g9A0so"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 12 13 11 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To place things (often decorative) on a surface; to spangle."
],
"id": "en-poudren-enm-verb-teIrL3ob"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 12 13 11 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To spread powder on to something; to douse something in powder"
],
"id": "en-poudren-enm-verb-h~HsMEFr",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To spread powder on to something; to douse something in powder"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 8 8 7 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 13 11 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 7 7 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 5 5 32 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 6 6 43 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Spices",
"orig": "enm:Spices",
"parents": [
"Spices and herbs",
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To add spices or seasonings to a dish or meal."
],
"id": "en-poudren-enm-verb-O08-duKI",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To add spices or seasonings to a dish or meal."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 8 8 7 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 13 11 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 7 7 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 5 5 32 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make indentations on something."
],
"id": "en-poudren-enm-verb-seuGkb2B",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To make indentations on something."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuːd(ə)rən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuːð(ə)rən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "poudre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "powder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pouder"
}
],
"word": "poudren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Cooking",
"enm:Spices"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "powder"
},
"expansion": "English: powder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: powder"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "pouder",
"3": "pouther"
},
"expansion": "Scots: pouder, pouther",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: pouder, pouther"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "poudrer"
},
"expansion": "Old French poudrer",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "poudre",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "poudre + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French poudrer, from poudre; equivalent to poudre + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "poudren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to poudren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "poudre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "poudre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poudred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poudrest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poudredest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poudreth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "poudred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "poudre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "poudred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "poudre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poudren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "poudre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "poudreden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poudrede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poudreth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "poudre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poudrynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "poudrende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "poudred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ypoudred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "poudren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poudr"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To powder; to turn into powder, usually by grinding."
],
"links": [
[
"powder",
"powder"
],
[
"grinding",
"grinding"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To preserve or ferment food; to add powder to food as to make it last."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To place things (often decorative) on a surface; to spangle."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To spread powder on to something; to douse something in powder"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To spread powder on to something; to douse something in powder"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To add spices or seasonings to a dish or meal."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To add spices or seasonings to a dish or meal."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To make indentations on something."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To make indentations on something."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuːd(ə)rən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuːð(ə)rən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "poudre"
},
{
"word": "powder"
},
{
"word": "pouder"
}
],
"word": "poudren"
}
Download raw JSONL data for poudren meaning in Middle English (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.