"oo" meaning in Middle English

See oo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ɔː/, /ɑː/, /aː/ Forms: ho [alternative], o [alternative], a [alternative, Early-Middle-English, Northern]
Etymology: An apocopic form of on; compare an. Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|one}}, {{apocopic form|enm|on|nocap=1}} apocopic form of on Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective}} oo
  1. (rare) first Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-oo-enm-adj-p5N7ZLjK
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Categories (other): Middle English cardinal numbers Disambiguation of Middle English cardinal numbers: 0 0 0

Numeral

IPA: /ɔː/, /ɑː/, /aː/ Forms: ho [alternative], o [alternative], a [alternative, Early-Middle-English, Northern]
Etymology: An apocopic form of on; compare an. Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|one}}, {{apocopic form|enm|on|nocap=1}} apocopic form of on Head templates: {{head|enm|numeral}} oo
  1. one
    Sense id: en-oo-enm-num-dpLDrTVA Categories (other): One Disambiguation of One: 0 47 7 47
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Categories (other): Middle English cardinal numbers Disambiguation of Middle English cardinal numbers: 0 0 0

Particle

Etymology: A rendering of Ancient Greek ὦ (ô, interjection). Etymology templates: {{cog|grc|ὦ|pos=interjection}} Ancient Greek ὦ (ô, interjection) Head templates: {{head|enm|particle|altform=1}} oo
  1. Alternative form of O. Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: O
    Sense id: en-oo-enm-particle-RLAAwtUm Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English indefinite pronouns Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 0 0 100 0 Disambiguation of Middle English indefinite pronouns: 0 11 89 0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Pronoun

IPA: /ɔː/, /ɑː/, /aː/ Forms: ho [alternative], o [alternative], a [alternative, Early-Middle-English, Northern]
Etymology: An apocopic form of on; compare an. Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|one}}, {{apocopic form|enm|on|nocap=1}} apocopic form of on Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective}} oo
  1. (rare) one Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-oo-enm-pron-dpLDrTVA Categories (other): One Disambiguation of One: 0 47 7 47
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Categories (other): Middle English cardinal numbers Disambiguation of Middle English cardinal numbers: 0 0 0

Alternative forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Middle English cardinal numbers",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "ae"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: ae",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: ae"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "o",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: o, o'",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: o, o'"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "one"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "on",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "apocopic form of on",
      "name": "apocopic form"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An apocopic form of on; compare an.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ho",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "numeral"
      },
      "expansion": "oo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "num",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 47 7 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "One",
          "orig": "enm:One",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              23,
              26
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              23,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Truly the earth was of one tongue, and of the same words.",
          "ref": "c. 1384, John Wycliffe, Wycliffe's Bible (translation from the Vulgate), Genesis 11:1:",
          "text": "Forſoþe þe erþe was of oo lip, and of þe ſame wordis.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "one"
      ],
      "id": "en-oo-enm-num-dpLDrTVA",
      "links": [
        [
          "one",
          "one"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɑː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "oo"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Middle English cardinal numbers",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "ae"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: ae",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: ae"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "one"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "on",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "apocopic form of on",
      "name": "apocopic form"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An apocopic form of on; compare an.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ho",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "oo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 47 7 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "One",
          "orig": "enm:One",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "one"
      ],
      "id": "en-oo-enm-pron-dpLDrTVA",
      "links": [
        [
          "one",
          "one"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) one"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɑː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "oo"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Middle English cardinal numbers",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "one"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "on",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "apocopic form of on",
      "name": "apocopic form"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An apocopic form of on; compare an.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ho",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "oo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "first"
      ],
      "id": "en-oo-enm-adj-p5N7ZLjK",
      "links": [
        [
          "first",
          "first"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) first"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɑː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "oo"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὦ",
        "pos": "interjection"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ὦ (ô, interjection)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A rendering of Ancient Greek ὦ (ô, interjection).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "particle",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "oo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "O"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 11 89 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English indefinite pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of O."
      ],
      "id": "en-oo-enm-particle-RLAAwtUm",
      "links": [
        [
          "O",
          "O#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "oo"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English apocopic forms",
    "Middle English cardinal numbers",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English indefinite pronouns",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English numerals",
    "Pages with 18 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:One"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "ae"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: ae",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: ae"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "o",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: o, o'",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: o, o'"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "one"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "on",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "apocopic form of on",
      "name": "apocopic form"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An apocopic form of on; compare an.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ho",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "numeral"
      },
      "expansion": "oo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "num",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              23,
              26
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              23,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Truly the earth was of one tongue, and of the same words.",
          "ref": "c. 1384, John Wycliffe, Wycliffe's Bible (translation from the Vulgate), Genesis 11:1:",
          "text": "Forſoþe þe erþe was of oo lip, and of þe ſame wordis.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "one"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "one",
          "one"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɑː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "oo"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English apocopic forms",
    "Middle English cardinal numbers",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English indefinite pronouns",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English numerals",
    "Pages with 18 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:One"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "ae"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: ae",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: ae"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "one"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "on",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "apocopic form of on",
      "name": "apocopic form"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An apocopic form of on; compare an.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ho",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "oo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "one"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "one",
          "one"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) one"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɑː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "oo"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English apocopic forms",
    "Middle English cardinal numbers",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English indefinite pronouns",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English numerals",
    "Pages with 18 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:One"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "one"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "on",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "apocopic form of on",
      "name": "apocopic form"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An apocopic form of on; compare an.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ho",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "oo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "first",
          "first"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) first"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɑː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "oo"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English indefinite pronouns",
    "Pages with 18 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:One"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὦ",
        "pos": "interjection"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ὦ (ô, interjection)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A rendering of Ancient Greek ὦ (ô, interjection).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "particle",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "oo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "O"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of O."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "O",
          "O#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "oo"
}

Download raw JSONL data for oo meaning in Middle English (5.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.