"nombren" meaning in Middle English

See nombren in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈnumb(ə)rən/, /ˈnum(ə)rən/
Etymology: Borrowed from Old French nombrer, from Latin numerō; equivalent to nombre + -en (infinitival suffix). Etymology templates: {{bor+|enm|fro|nombrer}} Borrowed from Old French nombrer, {{der|enm|la|numerō}} Latin numerō, {{af|enm|nombre|-en|id2=infinitival|pos2=infinitival suffix}} nombre + -en (infinitival suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} nombren, {{enm-verb|stem=nombr}} nombren (third-person singular simple present nombreth, present participle nombrende, nombrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle nombred) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|nombr}} Forms: nombreth [present, singular, third-person], nombrende [participle, present], nombrynge [participle, present], nombred [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], weak [table-tags], nombren [infinitive], to nombren [infinitive], nombre [infinitive], nombre [first-person, present, singular], nombred [first-person, past, singular], nombrest [present, second-person, singular], nombredest [past, second-person, singular], nombreth [present, singular, third-person], nombred [past, singular, third-person], nombre [present, singular, subjunctive], nombred [past, singular, subjunctive], nombre [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], nombren [plural, present], nombre [plural, present], nombreden [past, plural], nombrede [past, plural], nombreth [imperative, plural, present], nombre [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], nombrynge [participle, present], nombrende [participle, present], nombred [participle, past], ynombred [participle, past]
  1. To enumerate or count; to measure the number of something:
    To take a census; to note someone
    Categories (topical): Government
    Sense id: en-nombren-enm-verb-NQBt006B Disambiguation of Government: 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
  2. To enumerate or count; to measure the number of something:
    To enumerate every instance of someone.
    Sense id: en-nombren-enm-verb-mRluOSaR
  3. To calculate; to perform arithmetic or measurement (especially time passing) Categories (topical): Time
    Sense id: en-nombren-enm-verb-7PAD8ANO Disambiguation of Time: 0 0 88 1 0 3 7
  4. To decide the quantity of something (especially used of God)
    Sense id: en-nombren-enm-verb-bzw29b3-
  5. To believe or think (that); to have an opinion.
    Sense id: en-nombren-enm-verb-WGSd0~yu
  6. (rare) To deduce or realise; to come to a conclusion. Tags: rare Categories (topical): Mathematics, Metrology
    Sense id: en-nombren-enm-verb-mcLJQajZ Disambiguation of Mathematics: 16 17 19 6 4 28 10 Disambiguation of Metrology: 6 8 14 10 5 46 11 Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival) Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 34 2 2 3 2 2 14 3 32 5 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 5 9 20 5 5 47 10 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 9 9 22 9 8 31 12
  7. (rare) To number (exist in a certain quantity). Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-nombren-enm-verb-hcdsNFSs
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: nombre, noumbre, noumbren, noumbri, nowmeron, nowmeryn, nowmyr, nownber, numbre

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "number"
          },
          "expansion": "English: number",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: number"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "nummer"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: nummer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: nummer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "nombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Old French nombrer",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "numerō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin numerō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nombre",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "nombre + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French nombrer, from Latin numerō; equivalent to nombre + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nombreth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombrende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombrynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombred",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to nombren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombrest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombredest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombreth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombreden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombrede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombreth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombrynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombrende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ynombred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "nombren",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "nombr"
      },
      "expansion": "nombren (third-person singular simple present nombreth, present participle nombrende, nombrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle nombred)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nombr"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Government",
          "orig": "enm:Government",
          "parents": [
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To enumerate or count; to measure the number of something:",
        "To take a census; to note someone"
      ],
      "id": "en-nombren-enm-verb-NQBt006B",
      "links": [
        [
          "enumerate",
          "enumerate"
        ],
        [
          "count",
          "count"
        ],
        [
          "measure",
          "measure"
        ],
        [
          "number",
          "number"
        ],
        [
          "census",
          "census"
        ],
        [
          "note",
          "note"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To enumerate or count; to measure the number of something:",
        "To enumerate every instance of someone."
      ],
      "id": "en-nombren-enm-verb-mRluOSaR",
      "links": [
        [
          "enumerate",
          "enumerate"
        ],
        [
          "count",
          "count"
        ],
        [
          "measure",
          "measure"
        ],
        [
          "number",
          "number"
        ],
        [
          "every",
          "every"
        ],
        [
          "instance",
          "instance"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 88 1 0 3 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Time",
          "orig": "enm:Time",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To calculate; to perform arithmetic or measurement (especially time passing)"
      ],
      "id": "en-nombren-enm-verb-7PAD8ANO",
      "links": [
        [
          "calculate",
          "calculate"
        ],
        [
          "arithmetic",
          "arithmetic"
        ],
        [
          "measurement",
          "measurement"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To decide the quantity of something (especially used of God)"
      ],
      "id": "en-nombren-enm-verb-bzw29b3-",
      "links": [
        [
          "decide",
          "decide"
        ],
        [
          "quantity",
          "quantity"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To believe or think (that); to have an opinion."
      ],
      "id": "en-nombren-enm-verb-WGSd0~yu",
      "links": [
        [
          "believe",
          "believe"
        ],
        [
          "think",
          "think"
        ],
        [
          "opinion",
          "opinion"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 2 2 3 2 2 14 3 32 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 9 20 5 5 47 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 9 22 9 8 31 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 17 19 6 4 28 10",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Mathematics",
          "orig": "enm:Mathematics",
          "parents": [
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 8 14 10 5 46 11",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Metrology",
          "orig": "enm:Metrology",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To deduce or realise; to come to a conclusion."
      ],
      "id": "en-nombren-enm-verb-mcLJQajZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "deduce",
          "deduce"
        ],
        [
          "realise",
          "realise"
        ],
        [
          "conclusion",
          "conclusion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To deduce or realise; to come to a conclusion."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To number (exist in a certain quantity)."
      ],
      "id": "en-nombren-enm-verb-hcdsNFSs",
      "links": [
        [
          "number",
          "number"
        ],
        [
          "quantity",
          "quantity#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To number (exist in a certain quantity)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnumb(ə)rən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnum(ə)rən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nombre"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "noumbre"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "noumbren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "noumbri"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nowmeron"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nowmeryn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nowmyr"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nownber"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "numbre"
    }
  ],
  "word": "nombren"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Government",
    "enm:Mathematics",
    "enm:Metrology",
    "enm:Time"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "number"
          },
          "expansion": "English: number",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: number"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "nummer"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: nummer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: nummer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "nombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Old French nombrer",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "numerō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin numerō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nombre",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "nombre + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French nombrer, from Latin numerō; equivalent to nombre + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nombreth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombrende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombrynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombred",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to nombren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombrest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombredest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombreth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombreden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombrede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombreth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombrynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombrende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nombred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ynombred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "nombren",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "nombr"
      },
      "expansion": "nombren (third-person singular simple present nombreth, present participle nombrende, nombrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle nombred)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nombr"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To enumerate or count; to measure the number of something:",
        "To take a census; to note someone"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "enumerate",
          "enumerate"
        ],
        [
          "count",
          "count"
        ],
        [
          "measure",
          "measure"
        ],
        [
          "number",
          "number"
        ],
        [
          "census",
          "census"
        ],
        [
          "note",
          "note"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To enumerate or count; to measure the number of something:",
        "To enumerate every instance of someone."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "enumerate",
          "enumerate"
        ],
        [
          "count",
          "count"
        ],
        [
          "measure",
          "measure"
        ],
        [
          "number",
          "number"
        ],
        [
          "every",
          "every"
        ],
        [
          "instance",
          "instance"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To calculate; to perform arithmetic or measurement (especially time passing)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "calculate",
          "calculate"
        ],
        [
          "arithmetic",
          "arithmetic"
        ],
        [
          "measurement",
          "measurement"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To decide the quantity of something (especially used of God)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "decide",
          "decide"
        ],
        [
          "quantity",
          "quantity"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To believe or think (that); to have an opinion."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "believe",
          "believe"
        ],
        [
          "think",
          "think"
        ],
        [
          "opinion",
          "opinion"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To deduce or realise; to come to a conclusion."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "deduce",
          "deduce"
        ],
        [
          "realise",
          "realise"
        ],
        [
          "conclusion",
          "conclusion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To deduce or realise; to come to a conclusion."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To number (exist in a certain quantity)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "number",
          "number"
        ],
        [
          "quantity",
          "quantity#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To number (exist in a certain quantity)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnumb(ə)rən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnum(ə)rən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "nombre"
    },
    {
      "word": "noumbre"
    },
    {
      "word": "noumbren"
    },
    {
      "word": "noumbri"
    },
    {
      "word": "nowmeron"
    },
    {
      "word": "nowmeryn"
    },
    {
      "word": "nowmyr"
    },
    {
      "word": "nownber"
    },
    {
      "word": "numbre"
    }
  ],
  "word": "nombren"
}

Download raw JSONL data for nombren meaning in Middle English (6.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.