"muscle" meaning in Middle English

See muscle in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈmus(k)əl/, /ˈmus(k)lə/
Etymology: From Old English muscelle, from Late Latin mūscula (“mussel”). Reinforced by Old French mosle. Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|mussel}}, {{inh|enm|ang|muscelle}} Old English muscelle, {{der|enm|LL.|mūscula|t=mussel}} Late Latin mūscula (“mussel”), {{cog|fro|mosle}} Old French mosle Head templates: {{head|enm|nouns|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} muscle, {{enm-noun}} muscle (plural muscles) Forms: muscles [plural], moskle [alternative], muschyl [alternative], muscul [alternative], muskall [alternative], muskel [alternative], muskele [alternative], muskell [alternative], muskle [alternative], muskyl [alternative], muskyll [alternative], musshell [alternative], mustul [alternative]
  1. mussel (bivalve)
    Sense id: en-muscle-enm-noun-b1weq6BF Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Mollusks, Weapons Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 14 43 43 Disambiguation of Mollusks: 82 9 10 Disambiguation of Weapons: 68 16 17
  2. (rare) A sort of siege engine. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-muscle-enm-noun-t-ZNaPkn Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 14 43 43
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ˈmusəl/, /ˈmuslə/, /ˈmuskiu̯l(ə)/ Forms: muscles [plural], mucell [alternative], muscule [alternative], musculle [alternative], muskylle [alternative]
Etymology: From Middle French muscle, from Latin mūsculus (“muscle”). Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|muscle}}, {{bor|enm|frm|muscle}} Middle French muscle, {{der|enm|la|mūsculus|t=muscle}} Latin mūsculus (“muscle”) Head templates: {{head|enm|nouns|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} muscle, {{enm-noun}} muscle (plural muscles)
  1. (anatomy) muscle
    Sense id: en-muscle-enm-noun-24dbJbBv Categories (other): Anatomy, Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 14 43 43 Topics: anatomy, medicine, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "mussel"
          },
          "expansion": "English: mussel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: mussel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "mushle"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: mushle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: mushle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "misgl",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Welsh: misgl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Welsh: misgl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "mussel"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "muscelle"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English muscelle",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "mūscula",
        "t": "mussel"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin mūscula (“mussel”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "mosle"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French mosle",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English muscelle, from Late Latin mūscula (“mussel”). Reinforced by Old French mosle.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "muscles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moskle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muschyl",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muscul",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskall",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskele",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskell",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskyl",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskyll",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "musshell",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mustul",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "muscle",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "muscle (plural muscles)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 43 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Mollusks",
          "orig": "enm:Mollusks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "68 16 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weapons",
          "orig": "enm:Weapons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mussel (bivalve)"
      ],
      "id": "en-muscle-enm-noun-b1weq6BF",
      "links": [
        [
          "mussel",
          "mussel#English"
        ],
        [
          "bivalve",
          "bivalve#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 43 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sort of siege engine."
      ],
      "id": "en-muscle-enm-noun-t-ZNaPkn",
      "links": [
        [
          "siege",
          "siege"
        ],
        [
          "engine",
          "engine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A sort of siege engine."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmus(k)əl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmus(k)lə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "muscle"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "muscle"
          },
          "expansion": "English: muscle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: muscle"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "muscle"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "muscle"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French muscle",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "mūsculus",
        "t": "muscle"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin mūsculus (“muscle”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French muscle, from Latin mūsculus (“muscle”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "muscles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mucell",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muscule",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "musculle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskylle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "muscle",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "muscle (plural muscles)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "enm:Anatomy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 43 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "muscle"
      ],
      "id": "en-muscle-enm-noun-24dbJbBv",
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "muscle",
          "muscle#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) muscle"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmusəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmuslə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmuskiu̯l(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "muscle"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Mollusks",
    "enm:Weapons"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "mussel"
          },
          "expansion": "English: mussel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: mussel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "mushle"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: mushle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: mushle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "misgl",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Welsh: misgl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Welsh: misgl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "mussel"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "muscelle"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English muscelle",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "mūscula",
        "t": "mussel"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin mūscula (“mussel”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "mosle"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French mosle",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English muscelle, from Late Latin mūscula (“mussel”). Reinforced by Old French mosle.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "muscles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moskle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muschyl",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muscul",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskall",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskele",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskell",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskyl",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskyll",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "musshell",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mustul",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "muscle",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "muscle (plural muscles)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "mussel (bivalve)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mussel",
          "mussel#English"
        ],
        [
          "bivalve",
          "bivalve#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sort of siege engine."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "siege",
          "siege"
        ],
        [
          "engine",
          "engine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A sort of siege engine."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmus(k)əl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmus(k)lə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "muscle"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Mollusks",
    "enm:Weapons"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "muscle"
          },
          "expansion": "English: muscle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: muscle"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "muscle"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "muscle"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French muscle",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "mūsculus",
        "t": "muscle"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin mūsculus (“muscle”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French muscle, from Latin mūsculus (“muscle”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "muscles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mucell",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muscule",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "musculle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muskylle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "muscle",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "muscle (plural muscles)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "enm:Anatomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "muscle"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "muscle",
          "muscle#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) muscle"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmusəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmuslə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmuskiu̯l(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "muscle"
}

Download raw JSONL data for muscle meaning in Middle English (4.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.