See lond in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for lond meaning in Middle English (7.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "land"
},
"expansion": "English: land",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: land"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "laund",
"3": "land"
},
"expansion": "Scots: laund, land",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: laund, land"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "lhoan",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: lhoan, lloan, loan, lone, londe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: lhoan, lloan, loan, lone, londe"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "land"
},
"expansion": "Old English land",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*land"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *land",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*landą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *landą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English land, from Proto-West Germanic *land, from Proto-Germanic *landą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "londes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lond",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "londes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "londes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "londe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "londe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "londen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lond",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "londes",
"2": "lond"
},
"expansion": "lond (plural londes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lond",
"2": "londes",
"3": "londe",
"4": "londes",
"5": "londe",
"6": "londen"
},
"name": "enm-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Engelond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ilond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Irlond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Iseland"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "landbok"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "landlorde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lond folk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "londen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "londyng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mayne londe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Nomanneslond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Northumberlond"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An independent nation, country or realm."
],
"id": "en-lond-enm-noun-ttcWGuaf",
"links": [
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"realm",
"realm"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A tribe, folk or race; an ethnicity"
],
"id": "en-lond-enm-noun-cZ6qJ5Ws",
"links": [
[
"tribe",
"tribe"
],
[
"folk",
"folk"
],
[
"race",
"race"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You also know that the form of language is in flux; / within a thousand years, words / that had currency; really weird and bizarre / they seem to us now, but they still spoke them / and accomplished as much in love as men do now. / As for winning love across ages and / across nations, there are lots of usages […]",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Book II”, in Troilus and Criseyde, lines 22–28",
"text": "Ȝe knowe ek that in fourme of ſpeche is chaunge / With-inne a thousand ȝeer, and wordes tho /That hadden pris now wonder nyce and ſtraunge /Us thenketh hem, and ȝet thei ſpake hem so / And ſpedde as wel in loue as men now do / Ek forto wynnen loue in ſondry ages / In ſondry londes, ſondry ben vſages […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A land; territory or locality"
],
"id": "en-lond-enm-noun-nQcgjf9G",
"links": [
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"territory",
"territory"
],
[
"locality",
"locality"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A subdivision or province of a nation."
],
"id": "en-lond-enm-noun-UieKPhE1",
"links": [
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
],
[
"province",
"province"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A property; a plot of land."
],
"id": "en-lond-enm-noun-V~NhA7If",
"links": [
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"plot",
"plot"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Agricultural land; land that is suitable for growing crops."
],
"id": "en-lond-enm-noun-BB6UJQ6z"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 1 2 2 1 0 5 82 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 2 2 1 0 5 83 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 2 2 1 10 75 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "enm:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 2 2 5 75 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Alchemy",
"orig": "enm:Alchemy",
"parents": [
"Forteana",
"Pseudoscience",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 2 2 1 6 78 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Planets",
"orig": "enm:Planets",
"parents": [
"Celestial bodies",
"Space",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 9 1 6 66 1 4",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Political subdivisions",
"orig": "enm:Political subdivisions",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Planet Earth; the world."
],
"id": "en-lond-enm-noun-qAYJl5nu",
"links": [
[
"Planet Earth",
"Planet Earth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The earth, ground, or soil (also as one of the medieval elements)"
],
"id": "en-lond-enm-noun-wU6VlaE6",
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"soil",
"soil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɔːnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/land/"
},
{
"ipa": "/laːnd/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "londe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lande"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "land"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "loand"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lænde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "laund"
}
],
"word": "lond"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "londe",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "londe (noun)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From londe (noun).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "lond",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "londen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of londen"
],
"id": "en-lond-enm-verb-Jr7tncZJ",
"links": [
[
"londen",
"londen#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "lond"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Alchemy",
"enm:Planets",
"enm:Political subdivisions"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "land"
},
"expansion": "English: land",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: land"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "laund",
"3": "land"
},
"expansion": "Scots: laund, land",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: laund, land"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "lhoan",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: lhoan, lloan, loan, lone, londe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: lhoan, lloan, loan, lone, londe"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "land"
},
"expansion": "Old English land",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*land"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *land",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*landą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *landą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English land, from Proto-West Germanic *land, from Proto-Germanic *landą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "londes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lond",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "londes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "londes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "londe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "londe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "londen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lond",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "londes",
"2": "lond"
},
"expansion": "lond (plural londes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lond",
"2": "londes",
"3": "londe",
"4": "londes",
"5": "londe",
"6": "londen"
},
"name": "enm-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Engelond"
},
{
"word": "ilond"
},
{
"word": "Irlond"
},
{
"word": "Iseland"
},
{
"word": "landbok"
},
{
"word": "landlorde"
},
{
"word": "lond folk"
},
{
"word": "londen"
},
{
"word": "londyng"
},
{
"word": "mayne londe"
},
{
"word": "Nomanneslond"
},
{
"word": "Northumberlond"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An independent nation, country or realm."
],
"links": [
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"realm",
"realm"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A tribe, folk or race; an ethnicity"
],
"links": [
[
"tribe",
"tribe"
],
[
"folk",
"folk"
],
[
"race",
"race"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You also know that the form of language is in flux; / within a thousand years, words / that had currency; really weird and bizarre / they seem to us now, but they still spoke them / and accomplished as much in love as men do now. / As for winning love across ages and / across nations, there are lots of usages […]",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Book II”, in Troilus and Criseyde, lines 22–28",
"text": "Ȝe knowe ek that in fourme of ſpeche is chaunge / With-inne a thousand ȝeer, and wordes tho /That hadden pris now wonder nyce and ſtraunge /Us thenketh hem, and ȝet thei ſpake hem so / And ſpedde as wel in loue as men now do / Ek forto wynnen loue in ſondry ages / In ſondry londes, ſondry ben vſages […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A land; territory or locality"
],
"links": [
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"territory",
"territory"
],
[
"locality",
"locality"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A subdivision or province of a nation."
],
"links": [
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
],
[
"province",
"province"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A property; a plot of land."
],
"links": [
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"plot",
"plot"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Agricultural land; land that is suitable for growing crops."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Planet Earth; the world."
],
"links": [
[
"Planet Earth",
"Planet Earth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The earth, ground, or soil (also as one of the medieval elements)"
],
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"soil",
"soil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɔːnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/land/"
},
{
"ipa": "/laːnd/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "londe"
},
{
"word": "lande"
},
{
"word": "land"
},
{
"word": "loand"
},
{
"word": "lænde"
},
{
"word": "laund"
}
],
"word": "lond"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Alchemy",
"enm:Planets",
"enm:Political subdivisions"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "londe",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "londe (noun)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From londe (noun).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "lond",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "londen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of londen"
],
"links": [
[
"londen",
"londen#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "lond"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.