See lond in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
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"args": {
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},
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}
],
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},
{
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{
"args": {
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},
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"2": "gem-pro",
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}
],
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{
"form": "londes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
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"table-tags"
]
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{
"form": "lond",
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{
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "londe",
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]
},
{
"form": "londen",
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"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "land",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "laund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lande",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "londe",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loand",
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"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
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"args": {
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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"expansion": "lond",
"name": "head"
},
{
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"1": "londes",
"2": "lond"
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Engelond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ilond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Irlond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Iseland"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "landbok"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "landlorde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lond folk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "londen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Northumberlond"
}
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{
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],
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
277,
284
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
275,
281
]
],
"english": "You also know that the form of language is in flux; / within a thousand years, words / that had currency; really weird and bizarre / they seem to us now, but they still spoke them / and accomplished as much in love as men do now. / As for winning love across ages and / across nations, there are lots of usages […]",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Book II”, in Troilus and Criseyde, lines 22–28:",
"text": "Ȝe knowe ek that in fourme of ſpeche is chaunge / With-inne a thousand ȝeer, and wordes tho /That hadden pris now wonder nyce and ſtraunge /Us thenketh hem, and ȝet thei ſpake hem so / And ſpedde as wel in loue as men now do / Ek forto wynnen loue in ſondry ages / In ſondry londes, ſondry ben vſages […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"territory",
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],
"id": "en-lond-enm-noun-V~NhA7If",
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[
"property",
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[
"plot",
"plot"
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[
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"id": "en-lond-enm-noun-BB6UJQ6z"
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"_dis": "3 6 8 5 1 6 60 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 3 1 2 81 3 4",
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"_dis": "1 2 1 1 1 1 89 2 2",
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"_dis": "12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 7",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
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"Planet Earth; the world."
],
"id": "en-lond-enm-noun-qAYJl5nu",
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"Planet Earth",
"Planet Earth"
]
]
},
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"_dis": "13 8 7 11 6 14 14 22 5",
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"name": "Administrative divisions",
"orig": "enm:Administrative divisions",
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},
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"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Alchemy",
"orig": "enm:Alchemy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The earth, ground, or soil (also as one of the medieval elements)"
],
"id": "en-lond-enm-noun-wU6VlaE6",
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"soil",
"soil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɔːnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/land/"
},
{
"ipa": "/laːnd/"
}
],
"word": "lond"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From londe (noun).",
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"altform": "1"
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"expansion": "lond",
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "londen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of londen"
],
"id": "en-lond-enm-verb-DdRMEwMg",
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[
"londen",
"londen#Middle_English"
]
],
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɔːnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/land/"
},
{
"ipa": "/laːnd/"
}
],
"word": "lond"
}
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"categories": [
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"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lendʰ- (land)",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Administrative divisions",
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},
{
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}
],
"text": "Scots: laund, land"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
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"alts": "1"
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}
],
"text": "Yola: lhoan, loan, lone, lloan, londe"
}
],
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},
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}
],
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{
"form": "londes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
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},
{
"form": "lond",
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},
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]
},
{
"form": "londes",
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"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "londe",
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"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "londe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "londen",
"source": "declension",
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"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "land",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "laund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lande",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "londe",
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"alternative"
]
},
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"form": "loand",
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"alternative",
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}
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"expansion": "lond",
"name": "head"
},
{
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"1": "londes",
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},
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Engelond"
},
{
"word": "ilond"
},
{
"word": "Irlond"
},
{
"word": "Iseland"
},
{
"word": "landbok"
},
{
"word": "landlorde"
},
{
"word": "lond folk"
},
{
"word": "londen"
},
{
"word": "londyng"
},
{
"word": "mayne londe"
},
{
"word": "Nomanneslond"
},
{
"word": "Northumberlond"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An independent nation, country or realm."
],
"links": [
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"realm",
"realm"
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]
},
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"glosses": [
"A tribe, folk or race; an ethnicity"
],
"links": [
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"tribe",
"tribe"
],
[
"folk",
"folk"
],
[
"race",
"race"
]
]
},
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"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
277,
284
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
275,
281
]
],
"english": "You also know that the form of language is in flux; / within a thousand years, words / that had currency; really weird and bizarre / they seem to us now, but they still spoke them / and accomplished as much in love as men do now. / As for winning love across ages and / across nations, there are lots of usages […]",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Book II”, in Troilus and Criseyde, lines 22–28:",
"text": "Ȝe knowe ek that in fourme of ſpeche is chaunge / With-inne a thousand ȝeer, and wordes tho /That hadden pris now wonder nyce and ſtraunge /Us thenketh hem, and ȝet thei ſpake hem so / And ſpedde as wel in loue as men now do / Ek forto wynnen loue in ſondry ages / In ſondry londes, ſondry ben vſages […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A land; territory or locality"
],
"links": [
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"territory",
"territory"
],
[
"locality",
"locality"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A subdivision or province of a nation."
],
"links": [
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
],
[
"province",
"province"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A property; a plot of land."
],
"links": [
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"plot",
"plot"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Agricultural land; land that is suitable for growing crops."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Planet Earth; the world."
],
"links": [
[
"Planet Earth",
"Planet Earth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The earth, ground, or soil (also as one of the medieval elements)"
],
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"soil",
"soil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɔːnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/land/"
},
{
"ipa": "/laːnd/"
}
],
"word": "lond"
}
{
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"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Administrative divisions",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Alchemy",
"enm:Planets"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From londe (noun).",
"head_templates": [
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"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "lond",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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{
"word": "londen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of londen"
],
"links": [
[
"londen",
"londen#Middle_English"
]
],
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɔːnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/land/"
},
{
"ipa": "/laːnd/"
}
],
"word": "lond"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lond meaning in Middle English (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (0c45963 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.