See hold in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hold meaning in Middle English (3.5kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Old English hold",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hulþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hulþaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "heald"
},
"expansion": "Old English heald",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hieldan"
},
"expansion": "hieldan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hold"
},
"expansion": "German hold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hollr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hollr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "huld"
},
"expansion": "Danish huld",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "huld"
},
"expansion": "Swedish huld",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍃 (hulþs)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hold, from Proto-Germanic *hulþaz, a variant on a root meaning ‘lean, incline’ (compare Old English heald, hieldan).\nCognates include Old Frisian hold, Old Saxon hold, Old High German hold (German hold), Old Norse hollr (Danish huld, Swedish huld), Gothic 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍃 (hulþs).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "hold",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"friendly, faithful"
],
"id": "en-hold-enm-adj-GFdTp~9s",
"links": [
[
"friendly",
"friendly"
],
[
"faithful",
"faithful"
]
]
}
],
"word": "hold"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Old English hold",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*huldą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huldą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kol-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kol-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kwol-"
},
"expansion": "*kwol-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hold",
"3": "",
"4": "flesh"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hold (“flesh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hull"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hull",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "colainn"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish colainn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "celain"
},
"expansion": "Welsh celain",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hold, from Proto-Germanic *huldą, from Proto-Indo-European *kol-, *kwol-. Cognates include Old Norse hold (“flesh”) (Icelandic hold, Swedish hull), and (from Indo-European) Old Irish colainn, Welsh celain.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "hold",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"carcass, flesh"
],
"id": "en-hold-enm-noun-nITV8LFb",
"links": [
[
"carcass",
"carcass"
],
[
"flesh",
"flesh"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "holdeste"
},
{
"word": "unhold"
},
{
"word": "holdelike"
},
{
"word": "holdoþ"
}
]
}
],
"word": "hold"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Old English hold",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hulþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hulþaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "heald"
},
"expansion": "Old English heald",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hieldan"
},
"expansion": "hieldan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hold"
},
"expansion": "German hold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hollr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hollr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "huld"
},
"expansion": "Danish huld",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "huld"
},
"expansion": "Swedish huld",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍃 (hulþs)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hold, from Proto-Germanic *hulþaz, a variant on a root meaning ‘lean, incline’ (compare Old English heald, hieldan).\nCognates include Old Frisian hold, Old Saxon hold, Old High German hold (German hold), Old Norse hollr (Danish huld, Swedish huld), Gothic 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍃 (hulþs).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "hold",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"friendly, faithful"
],
"links": [
[
"friendly",
"friendly"
],
[
"faithful",
"faithful"
]
]
}
],
"word": "hold"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Old English hold",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*huldą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huldą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kol-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kol-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kwol-"
},
"expansion": "*kwol-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hold",
"3": "",
"4": "flesh"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hold (“flesh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hull"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hull",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "colainn"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish colainn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "celain"
},
"expansion": "Welsh celain",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hold, from Proto-Germanic *huldą, from Proto-Indo-European *kol-, *kwol-. Cognates include Old Norse hold (“flesh”) (Icelandic hold, Swedish hull), and (from Indo-European) Old Irish colainn, Welsh celain.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "hold",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "holdeste"
},
{
"word": "unhold"
},
{
"word": "holdelike"
},
{
"word": "holdoþ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"carcass, flesh"
],
"links": [
[
"carcass",
"carcass"
],
[
"flesh",
"flesh"
]
]
}
],
"word": "hold"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.