See groynen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "groin"
},
"expansion": "English: groin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: groin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "groin"
},
"expansion": "Scots: groin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: groin"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "groignier"
},
"expansion": "Old French groignier",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "grunniō"
},
"expansion": "Latin grunniō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grunnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English grunnian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grunnōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grunnōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "groyn",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "groyn + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a mixture of Old French groignier, grougnier (from Latin grunniō) and Old English grunnian (from Proto-Germanic *grunnōną). Equivalent to groyn + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "groynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to groynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "groyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "groyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groynest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groynedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groyneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "groyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "groyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "groyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "groyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groyneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "groynede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "groyneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "groynynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groynende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygroyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "groynen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "groyn"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sound",
"orig": "enm:Sound",
"parents": [
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To mumble, growl or babble (often in complaint)."
],
"id": "en-groynen-enm-verb-~wWy1dIG",
"links": [
[
"mumble",
"mumble"
],
[
"growl",
"growl"
],
[
"babble",
"babble"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sound",
"orig": "enm:Sound",
"parents": [
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a gnarling or groaning sound."
],
"id": "en-groynen-enm-verb-Fjrivr0d",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) To make a gnarling or groaning sound."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrui̯nən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡruːnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrunən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gronye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grunny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "growne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "groun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gruynen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "groignen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grunie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "groyne"
}
],
"word": "groynen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Animal sounds",
"enm:Sound",
"enm:Talking"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "groin"
},
"expansion": "English: groin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: groin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "groin"
},
"expansion": "Scots: groin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: groin"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "groignier"
},
"expansion": "Old French groignier",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "grunniō"
},
"expansion": "Latin grunniō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grunnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English grunnian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grunnōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grunnōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "groyn",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "groyn + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a mixture of Old French groignier, grougnier (from Latin grunniō) and Old English grunnian (from Proto-Germanic *grunnōną). Equivalent to groyn + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "groynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to groynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "groyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "groyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groynest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groynedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groyneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "groyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "groyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "groyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "groyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groyneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "groynede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "groyneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "groynynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groynende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygroyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "groynen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "groyn"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To mumble, growl or babble (often in complaint)."
],
"links": [
[
"mumble",
"mumble"
],
[
"growl",
"growl"
],
[
"babble",
"babble"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make a gnarling or groaning sound."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) To make a gnarling or groaning sound."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrui̯nən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡruːnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrunən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gronye"
},
{
"word": "grunny"
},
{
"word": "growne"
},
{
"word": "groun"
},
{
"word": "gruynen"
},
{
"word": "groignen"
},
{
"word": "grunie"
},
{
"word": "groyne"
}
],
"word": "groynen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for groynen meaning in Middle English (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.