frighten in Middle English

IPA: /ˈfrixtən/, [ˈfriçtən] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Old English fyrhtan; equivalent to fright + -en (infinitival suffix). Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|fyrhtan}} Old English fyrhtan, {{af|enm|fright|-en|id2=infinitival|pos2=infinitival suffix}} fright + -en (infinitival suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} frighten Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|fright}} Forms: weak [table-tags], frighten [infinitive], to frighten [infinitive], frighte [infinitive], frighte [first-person, present, singular], frighted [first-person, past, singular], frightest [present, second-person, singular], frightedest [past, second-person, singular], frighteth [present, singular, third-person], frighted [past, singular, third-person], frighte [present, singular, subjunctive], frighted [past, singular, subjunctive], frighte [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], frighten [plural, present], frighte [plural, present], frighteden [past, plural], frightede [past, plural], frighteth [imperative, plural, present], frighte [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], frightynge [participle, present], frightende [participle, present], frighted [participle, past], yfrighted [participle, past]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "a"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: (to) fright (archaic)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "fyrhtan"
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      "expansion": "Old English fyrhtan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fright",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "fright + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English fyrhtan; equivalent to fright + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to frighten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frightest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frightedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighteden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frightede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frightynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frightende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yfrighted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "frighten",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fright"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "enm:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To frighten, scare"
      ],
      "id": "en-frighten-enm-verb-qeigVigE",
      "links": [
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten#English"
        ],
        [
          "scare",
          "scare"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "friȝten"
        },
        {
          "word": "fyrten"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfrixtən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfriçtən]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "frighten"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "a"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: (to) fright (archaic)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "fyrhtan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English fyrhtan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fright",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "fright + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English fyrhtan; equivalent to fright + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to frighten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frightest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frightedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighteden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frightede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frightynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frightende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frighted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yfrighted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "frighten",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fright"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
        "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
        "Middle English verbs",
        "Middle English weak verbs",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "enm:Emotions"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To frighten, scare"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten#English"
        ],
        [
          "scare",
          "scare"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfrixtən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfriçtən]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "friȝten"
    },
    {
      "word": "fyrten"
    }
  ],
  "word": "frighten"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"frighten" meaning in Middle English

Verb