See flour in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flower",
"3": "flour"
},
"expansion": "English: flower, flour",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: flower, flour"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "flouer",
"3": "flour",
"4": "floor"
},
"expansion": "Scots: flouer, flour, floor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: flouer, flour, floor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "fflwr",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Welsh: fflwr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Welsh: fflwr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "fflŵr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: fflŵr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: fflŵr"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "flur"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman flur",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "flōrem"
},
"expansion": "Latin flōrem",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman flur, from Latin flōrem, accusative of flōs. More at flower.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "floures",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "flour",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "floures"
},
"expansion": "flour (plural floures)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flourdelis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flouren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flourynge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "floury"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lilie flour"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 10 8 3 7 9 3 14 3 14 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:",
"text": "Whan that Auerill wᵗ his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flower (often representing impermanence or beauty)"
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-6GcJdEd7",
"links": [
[
"flower",
"flower"
],
[
"impermanence",
"impermanence#English"
],
[
"beauty",
"beauty#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 59 28 0 2 5 0 1 0 3 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Body",
"orig": "enm:Body",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 13 4 5 5 4 11 16 18 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A depiction or likeness of a flower."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-SxbXVhkh",
"links": [
[
"depiction",
"depiction"
],
[
"likeness",
"likeness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 11 13 4 5 5 4 11 16 18 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 12 2 11 17 1 17 1 21 11",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Grasses",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Commelinids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Plants",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Lifeforms",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Success or achievement in a contest; victoriousness."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-2EoEAKhl",
"links": [
[
"Success",
"success"
],
[
"achievement",
"achievement"
],
[
"victoriousness",
"victoriousness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A virtue or benefit; something desirable."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-olTfntOe",
"links": [
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"desirable",
"desirable"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 12 2 11 17 1 17 1 21 11",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Grasses",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Commelinids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Plants",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Lifeforms",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"That which is unparalleled; the top or most superior."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-u4M7AjYv",
"links": [
[
"unparalleled",
"unparalleled"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 12 2 11 17 1 17 1 21 11",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Grasses",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Commelinids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Plants",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Lifeforms",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Flour (i.e. the best part of a grain)"
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-nf78PClJ",
"links": [
[
"Flour",
"flour#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A powder; especially one which is white like flour."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-6yqOnam0",
"links": [
[
"powder",
"powder"
],
[
"white",
"white"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 10 8 3 7 9 3 14 3 14 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 13 4 5 5 4 11 16 18 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 12 2 11 17 1 17 1 21 11",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Grasses",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Commelinids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Plants",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Lifeforms",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An exemplar or example of a trait or behaviour."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-AfY6Xxbq",
"links": [
[
"exemplar",
"exemplar"
],
[
"example",
"example"
],
[
"trait",
"trait"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 11 13 4 5 5 4 11 16 18 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woman's menstruation/period."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-b4BbYe8w",
"links": [
[
"menstruation",
"menstruation"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 12 1 13 18 1 11 1 25 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 10 8 3 7 9 3 14 3 14 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 13 4 5 5 4 11 16 18 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 12 2 11 17 1 17 1 21 11",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Grasses",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Commelinids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Plants",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Lifeforms",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Virginhood; sexual abstinence."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun--Wfj2bKr",
"links": [
[
"Virginhood",
"virginhood"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"abstinence",
"abstinence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Virginhood; sexual abstinence."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fluːr/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fflour"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fflowr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fleur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "floure"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flower"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flowr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flowre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flowyr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flur"
}
],
"word": "flour"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "flōr"
},
"expansion": "Old English flōr",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English flōr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "flour",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "flor"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 10 8 3 7 9 3 14 3 14 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 12 2 11 17 1 17 1 21 11",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Grasses",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Commelinids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Plants",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Lifeforms",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of flor"
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-WgHhsIYe",
"links": [
[
"flor",
"flor#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "flour"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Body",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Grains",
"enm:Sex",
"sco:Flowers"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flower",
"3": "flour"
},
"expansion": "English: flower, flour",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: flower, flour"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "flouer",
"3": "flour",
"4": "floor"
},
"expansion": "Scots: flouer, flour, floor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: flouer, flour, floor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "fflwr",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Welsh: fflwr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Welsh: fflwr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "fflŵr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: fflŵr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: fflŵr"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "flur"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman flur",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "flōrem"
},
"expansion": "Latin flōrem",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman flur, from Latin flōrem, accusative of flōs. More at flower.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "floures",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "flour",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "floures"
},
"expansion": "flour (plural floures)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "flourdelis"
},
{
"word": "flouren"
},
{
"word": "flourynge"
},
{
"word": "floury"
},
{
"word": "lilie flour"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:",
"text": "Whan that Auerill wᵗ his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flower (often representing impermanence or beauty)"
],
"links": [
[
"flower",
"flower"
],
[
"impermanence",
"impermanence#English"
],
[
"beauty",
"beauty#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A depiction or likeness of a flower."
],
"links": [
[
"depiction",
"depiction"
],
[
"likeness",
"likeness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Success or achievement in a contest; victoriousness."
],
"links": [
[
"Success",
"success"
],
[
"achievement",
"achievement"
],
[
"victoriousness",
"victoriousness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A virtue or benefit; something desirable."
],
"links": [
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"desirable",
"desirable"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That which is unparalleled; the top or most superior."
],
"links": [
[
"unparalleled",
"unparalleled"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Flour (i.e. the best part of a grain)"
],
"links": [
[
"Flour",
"flour#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A powder; especially one which is white like flour."
],
"links": [
[
"powder",
"powder"
],
[
"white",
"white"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An exemplar or example of a trait or behaviour."
],
"links": [
[
"exemplar",
"exemplar"
],
[
"example",
"example"
],
[
"trait",
"trait"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A woman's menstruation/period."
],
"links": [
[
"menstruation",
"menstruation"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Virginhood; sexual abstinence."
],
"links": [
[
"Virginhood",
"virginhood"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"abstinence",
"abstinence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Virginhood; sexual abstinence."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fluːr/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fflour"
},
{
"word": "fflowr"
},
{
"word": "fleur"
},
{
"word": "flor"
},
{
"word": "floure"
},
{
"word": "flower"
},
{
"word": "flowr"
},
{
"word": "flowre"
},
{
"word": "flowyr"
},
{
"word": "flur"
}
],
"word": "flour"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Body",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Grains",
"enm:Sex",
"sco:Flowers"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "flōr"
},
"expansion": "Old English flōr",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English flōr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "flour",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "flor"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of flor"
],
"links": [
[
"flor",
"flor#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "flour"
}
Download raw JSONL data for flour meaning in Middle English (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.