See cruel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cruel meaning in Middle English (5.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cruelheed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cruelly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cruelnesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cruelte"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cruel"
},
"expansion": "English: cruel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cruel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cruel"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cruel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cruel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crual"
},
"expansion": "Old French crual",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "crūdēlis"
},
"expansion": "Latin crūdēlis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French crual, from Latin crūdēlis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cruel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cruel",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 14 23 4 15 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 16 20 4 17 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Merciless, cruel; revelling in another's pain."
],
"id": "en-cruel-enm-adj-Nzs3zA~-",
"links": [
[
"cruel",
"cruel#English"
],
[
"revelling",
"revelling"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 14 23 4 15 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 16 20 4 17 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 18 12 7 24 25 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "War",
"orig": "enm:War",
"parents": [
"Conflict",
"Military",
"Violence",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deleterious, injurious; conducive to suffering."
],
"id": "en-cruel-enm-adj-WdE3kbgX",
"links": [
[
"Deleterious",
"deleterious"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 14 23 4 15 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 16 20 4 17 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 18 12 7 24 25 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "War",
"orig": "enm:War",
"parents": [
"Conflict",
"Military",
"Violence",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unbearable, saddening, terrifying."
],
"id": "en-cruel-enm-adj-4V5PJZNw"
},
{
"glosses": [
"Strict, unforgiving, mean; not nice."
],
"id": "en-cruel-enm-adj-pi937psY",
"links": [
[
"unforgiving",
"unforgiving"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 14 23 4 15 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 16 20 4 17 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 15 20 13 25 18 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 18 12 7 24 25 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "War",
"orig": "enm:War",
"parents": [
"Conflict",
"Military",
"Violence",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Savage, vicious, dangerous; displaying ferocity."
],
"id": "en-cruel-enm-adj-vRzaw3nV"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 14 23 4 15 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 16 20 4 17 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 18 12 7 24 25 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "War",
"orig": "enm:War",
"parents": [
"Conflict",
"Military",
"Violence",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bold, valiant, heroic (in war)"
],
"id": "en-cruel-enm-adj-w9yidMuY"
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Sharp, acrid, bitter-tasting."
],
"id": "en-cruel-enm-adj-q7~BFfmG",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Sharp, acrid, bitter-tasting."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kriu̯ˈɛːl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkriu̯ɛl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkriu̯əl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruəl/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kruell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cruele"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cruwel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crewel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cruell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cruwelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crewelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cruelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crowell"
}
],
"word": "cruel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:War"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cruelheed"
},
{
"word": "cruelly"
},
{
"word": "cruelnesse"
},
{
"word": "cruelte"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cruel"
},
"expansion": "English: cruel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cruel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cruel"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cruel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cruel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crual"
},
"expansion": "Old French crual",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "crūdēlis"
},
"expansion": "Latin crūdēlis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French crual, from Latin crūdēlis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cruel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cruel",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Merciless, cruel; revelling in another's pain."
],
"links": [
[
"cruel",
"cruel#English"
],
[
"revelling",
"revelling"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Deleterious, injurious; conducive to suffering."
],
"links": [
[
"Deleterious",
"deleterious"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Unbearable, saddening, terrifying."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Strict, unforgiving, mean; not nice."
],
"links": [
[
"unforgiving",
"unforgiving"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Savage, vicious, dangerous; displaying ferocity."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Bold, valiant, heroic (in war)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Sharp, acrid, bitter-tasting."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Sharp, acrid, bitter-tasting."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kriu̯ˈɛːl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkriu̯ɛl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkriu̯əl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruəl/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kruell"
},
{
"word": "cruele"
},
{
"word": "cruwel"
},
{
"word": "crewel"
},
{
"word": "cruell"
},
{
"word": "cruwelle"
},
{
"word": "crewelle"
},
{
"word": "cruelle"
},
{
"word": "crowell"
}
],
"word": "cruel"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.