See cross in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cross meaning in Middle English (6.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cross"
},
"expansion": "English: cross\n→ Japanese: クロス (kurosu)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: cross\n→ Japanese: クロス (kurosu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cross",
"3": "cros"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cross, cros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cross, cros"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cros"
},
"expansion": "Old English cros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "kross"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kross",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sga",
"3": "cros"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cros",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "crux"
},
"expansion": "Latin crux",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crouche",
"3": "croys"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crouche and croys",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cros, borrowed from Old Norse kross, borrowed from Old Irish cros, borrowed from Latin crux. Doublet of crouche and croys.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crosses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cross",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "crosses"
},
"expansion": "cross (plural crosses)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A cross or gibbet (wooden frame for execution)."
],
"id": "en-cross-enm-noun-TAgqvgCW",
"links": [
[
"cross",
"cross#English"
],
[
"gibbet",
"gibbet"
],
[
"execution",
"execution#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 47 8 21 1 6 3 4 7 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 50 7 20 2 6 3 4 6 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 41 1 8 7 1 10 1 30 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 26 9 10 6 19 8 12 4 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Symbols",
"orig": "enm:Symbols",
"parents": [
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Orthography",
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Holy Cross; Christ's cross."
],
"id": "en-cross-enm-noun-bV6AZRef",
"links": [
[
"Holy Cross",
"Holy Cross"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Heraldry",
"orig": "enm:Heraldry",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A representation of a cross; the cross as a Christian symbol:",
"A cross in heraldry."
],
"id": "en-cross-enm-noun-oAVi4-e5",
"links": [
[
"representation",
"representation"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#English"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A representation of a cross; the cross as a Christian symbol:",
"(heraldry) A cross in heraldry."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A representation of a cross; the cross as a Christian symbol:",
"A crucifix (cross-shaped structure)."
],
"id": "en-cross-enm-noun-99NBW~U0",
"links": [
[
"representation",
"representation"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#English"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"crucifix",
"crucifix"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A representation of a cross; the cross as a Christian symbol:",
"A crosier (clerical staff)"
],
"id": "en-cross-enm-noun-2Yh9~wjm",
"links": [
[
"representation",
"representation"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#English"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"crosier",
"crosier"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A representation of a cross; the cross as a Christian symbol:",
"The intersection of drawn lines, especially as a signature."
],
"id": "en-cross-enm-noun-LXYVcu0x",
"links": [
[
"representation",
"representation"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#English"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"intersection",
"intersection"
],
[
"drawn",
"drawn"
],
[
"signature",
"signature"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The cross in Christian metaphor:",
"Crucifixion; nailing to a cross."
],
"id": "en-cross-enm-noun-Gr5Io3xf",
"links": [
[
"Crucifixion",
"crucifixion"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The cross in Christian metaphor:",
"Crucifixion; nailing to a cross."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The cross in Christian metaphor:",
"Suffering, penury."
],
"id": "en-cross-enm-noun-OEAGNjFY",
"links": [
[
"Suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"penury",
"penury"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The cross in Christian metaphor:",
"Suffering, penury."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bible",
"orig": "enm:Bible",
"parents": [
"Books",
"Christianity",
"Judaism",
"Literature",
"Mass media",
"Abrahamism",
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Media",
"Religion",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The cross in Christian metaphor:",
"Christianity; the Christian religion."
],
"id": "en-cross-enm-noun-v431q0MC",
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The cross in Christian metaphor:",
"(biblical) Christianity; the Christian religion."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"topics": [
"biblical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The sign of the cross."
],
"id": "en-cross-enm-noun-hz5ssKYx",
"links": [
[
"sign of the cross",
"sign of the cross"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɔs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cros"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "croz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crosse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crosce"
}
],
"word": "cross"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Irish",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Christianity",
"enm:Symbols"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cross"
},
"expansion": "English: cross\n→ Japanese: クロス (kurosu)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: cross\n→ Japanese: クロス (kurosu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cross",
"3": "cros"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cross, cros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cross, cros"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cros"
},
"expansion": "Old English cros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "kross"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kross",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sga",
"3": "cros"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cros",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "crux"
},
"expansion": "Latin crux",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crouche",
"3": "croys"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crouche and croys",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cros, borrowed from Old Norse kross, borrowed from Old Irish cros, borrowed from Latin crux. Doublet of crouche and croys.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crosses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cross",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "crosses"
},
"expansion": "cross (plural crosses)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A cross or gibbet (wooden frame for execution)."
],
"links": [
[
"cross",
"cross#English"
],
[
"gibbet",
"gibbet"
],
[
"execution",
"execution#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The Holy Cross; Christ's cross."
],
"links": [
[
"Holy Cross",
"Holy Cross"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Heraldry"
],
"glosses": [
"A representation of a cross; the cross as a Christian symbol:",
"A cross in heraldry."
],
"links": [
[
"representation",
"representation"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#English"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A representation of a cross; the cross as a Christian symbol:",
"(heraldry) A cross in heraldry."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A representation of a cross; the cross as a Christian symbol:",
"A crucifix (cross-shaped structure)."
],
"links": [
[
"representation",
"representation"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#English"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"crucifix",
"crucifix"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A representation of a cross; the cross as a Christian symbol:",
"A crosier (clerical staff)"
],
"links": [
[
"representation",
"representation"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#English"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"crosier",
"crosier"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A representation of a cross; the cross as a Christian symbol:",
"The intersection of drawn lines, especially as a signature."
],
"links": [
[
"representation",
"representation"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#English"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"intersection",
"intersection"
],
[
"drawn",
"drawn"
],
[
"signature",
"signature"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The cross in Christian metaphor:",
"Crucifixion; nailing to a cross."
],
"links": [
[
"Crucifixion",
"crucifixion"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The cross in Christian metaphor:",
"Crucifixion; nailing to a cross."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The cross in Christian metaphor:",
"Suffering, penury."
],
"links": [
[
"Suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"penury",
"penury"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The cross in Christian metaphor:",
"Suffering, penury."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Bible"
],
"glosses": [
"The cross in Christian metaphor:",
"Christianity; the Christian religion."
],
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The cross in Christian metaphor:",
"(biblical) Christianity; the Christian religion."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"topics": [
"biblical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The sign of the cross."
],
"links": [
[
"sign of the cross",
"sign of the cross"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɔs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cros"
},
{
"word": "croz"
},
{
"word": "crosse"
},
{
"word": "crosce"
}
],
"word": "cross"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.