See croken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crook"
},
"expansion": "English: crook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: crook"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cruik"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cruik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cruik"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "curk"
},
"expansion": "Yola: curk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: curk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*crōcian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *crōcian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krōkōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krōkōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crok",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "crok + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*crōc",
"t": "crook, hook"
},
"expansion": "Old English *crōc (“crook, hook”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English *crōcian, from Proto-West Germanic *krōkōn; equivalent to crok + -en (infinitival suffix), ultimately from Old English *crōc (“crook, hook”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "croken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to croken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crokest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crokedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "croked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crokeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crokede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "croketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crokynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crokende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "croked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycroked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kroken",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crooken",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crooke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crook",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cruken",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "croken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crok"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 18 15 15 9 10 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 17 7 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 20 0 0 22",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Body",
"orig": "enm:Body",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be bent; to curve:",
"To twist; to curve multiple times."
],
"id": "en-croken-enm-verb-6PFv-CJF",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"twist",
"twist"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 18 15 15 9 10 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 17 7 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 32 6 6 5 7 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 35 5 5 4 5 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 20 0 0 22",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Body",
"orig": "enm:Body",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be bent; to curve:",
"To become crippled or distorted."
],
"id": "en-croken-enm-verb-njwH3yCX",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"crippled",
"crippled"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To be bent; to curve:",
"(of the body) To become crippled or distorted."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the body"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 18 15 15 9 10 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 17 7 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 20 0 0 22",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Body",
"orig": "enm:Body",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make bent; to crook:",
"To bow or genuflect."
],
"id": "en-croken-enm-verb-QsQtFDg8",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
],
[
"crook",
"crook"
],
[
"bow",
"bow"
],
[
"genuflect",
"genuflect"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 18 15 15 9 10 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 17 7 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 20 0 0 22",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Body",
"orig": "enm:Body",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make bent; to crook:",
"To cripple; to disfigure."
],
"id": "en-croken-enm-verb-9pR0V~G~",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
],
[
"crook",
"crook"
],
[
"cripple",
"cripple"
],
[
"disfigure",
"disfigure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To make bent; to crook:",
"(of the body, rare) To cripple; to disfigure."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the body"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 48 52 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To religiously err; to fall into sin."
],
"id": "en-croken-enm-verb-ef2p9fjH",
"links": [
[
"religiously",
"religiously"
],
[
"err",
"err"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 48 52 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to fall into sin."
],
"id": "en-croken-enm-verb-O1zZaigm",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 18 15 15 9 10 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 17 7 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 32 6 6 5 7 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 35 5 5 4 5 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 20 0 0 22",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Body",
"orig": "enm:Body",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To discuss misleadingly."
],
"id": "en-croken-enm-verb-vrYaBzdE",
"links": [
[
"misleadingly",
"misleadingly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To discuss misleadingly."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkroːkən/"
}
],
"word": "croken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Body",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crook"
},
"expansion": "English: crook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: crook"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cruik"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cruik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cruik"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "curk"
},
"expansion": "Yola: curk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: curk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*crōcian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *crōcian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krōkōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krōkōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crok",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "crok + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*crōc",
"t": "crook, hook"
},
"expansion": "Old English *crōc (“crook, hook”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English *crōcian, from Proto-West Germanic *krōkōn; equivalent to crok + -en (infinitival suffix), ultimately from Old English *crōc (“crook, hook”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "croken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to croken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crokest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crokedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "croked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crokeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crokede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "croketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crokynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crokende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "croked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycroked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kroken",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crooken",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crooke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "croke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crook",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cruken",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "croken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crok"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To be bent; to curve:",
"To twist; to curve multiple times."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"twist",
"twist"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To be bent; to curve:",
"To become crippled or distorted."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"crippled",
"crippled"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To be bent; to curve:",
"(of the body) To become crippled or distorted."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the body"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make bent; to crook:",
"To bow or genuflect."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
],
[
"crook",
"crook"
],
[
"bow",
"bow"
],
[
"genuflect",
"genuflect"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To make bent; to crook:",
"To cripple; to disfigure."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
],
[
"crook",
"crook"
],
[
"cripple",
"cripple"
],
[
"disfigure",
"disfigure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To make bent; to crook:",
"(of the body, rare) To cripple; to disfigure."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the body"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To religiously err; to fall into sin."
],
"links": [
[
"religiously",
"religiously"
],
[
"err",
"err"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cause to fall into sin."
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To discuss misleadingly."
],
"links": [
[
"misleadingly",
"misleadingly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To discuss misleadingly."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkroːkən/"
}
],
"word": "croken"
}
Download raw JSONL data for croken meaning in Middle English (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.