See cold in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cold meaning in Middle English (8.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cold"
},
"expansion": "English: cold",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cold"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "cawd",
"3": "cauld"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: cawd, cauld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: cawd, cauld"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cald",
"3": "cauld"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cald, cauld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cald, cauld"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "coale",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: coale, khoal, cole",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: coale, khoal, cole"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cald"
},
"expansion": "Old English cald",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċeald"
},
"expansion": "ċeald",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cald, an Anglian form of ċeald.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "colde",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "colder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "*coldest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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{
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"3": "plural and weak singular",
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"5": "comparative",
"6": "colder",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "*coldest",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cold (plural and weak singular colde, comparative colder, superlative *coldest)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "colde",
"2": "colder",
"3": "*coldest"
},
"expansion": "cold (plural and weak singular colde, comparative colder, superlative *coldest)",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cold, cool"
],
"id": "en-cold-enm-adj-enm:adjective",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold#English"
],
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(temperature) cold, cool"
],
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"enm:adjective"
],
"topics": [
"temperature"
]
},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "8 14 0 12 1 1 0 1 19 17 2 23",
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"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold, cool"
],
"id": "en-cold-enm-adj-XH8nD5kl",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold#English"
],
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weather) cold, cool"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences",
"weather"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"having a tendency to be cold"
],
"id": "en-cold-enm-adj-2EgAyXcE",
"qualifier": "locations",
"raw_glosses": [
"(locations) having a tendency to be cold"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 3 0 13 7 16 20 3 1 14 22 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 14 0 12 1 1 0 1 19 17 2 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "enm:Temperature",
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"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"cold-feeling, cold when touched, cooled, chilly"
],
"id": "en-cold-enm-adj-n23NLDc~"
},
{
"glosses": [
"lifeless, having the pallor of death"
],
"id": "en-cold-enm-adj-gvKg9xvy"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 3 0 13 7 16 20 3 1 14 22 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold-hearted, indifferent, insensitive"
],
"id": "en-cold-enm-adj--1h6hxxp",
"links": [
[
"cold-hearted",
"cold-hearted"
],
[
"indifferent",
"indifferent"
],
[
"insensitive",
"insensitive"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 3 0 13 7 16 20 3 1 14 22 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"distressed, sorrowful, worried"
],
"id": "en-cold-enm-adj-R-FFMPX4",
"links": [
[
"distressed",
"distressed"
],
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"worried",
"worried"
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Alchemy",
"orig": "enm:Alchemy",
"parents": [
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],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Considered to be alchemically cold"
],
"id": "en-cold-enm-adj-fAWOJDj~",
"links": [
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(alchemy, medicine) Considered to be alchemically cold"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"medicine",
"pseudoscience",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔːld/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʃɛːld/",
"note": "from the form ċeald"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cald"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cheld"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cheald"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chald"
}
],
"word": "cold"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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},
"expansion": "English: cold",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cold"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cald",
"3": "cauld"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cald, cauld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cald, cauld"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cald"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċeald"
},
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"name": "m"
}
],
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"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "cold",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 14 0 12 1 1 0 1 19 17 2 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "enm:Temperature",
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"Nature",
"Weather",
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"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
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}
],
"glosses": [
"cold, coldness"
],
"id": "en-cold-enm-noun-Kp93b3qM",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold#English"
],
[
"coldness",
"coldness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 3 0 13 7 16 20 3 1 14 22 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 14 0 12 1 1 0 1 19 17 2 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "enm:Temperature",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The feeling of coldness or chill"
],
"id": "en-cold-enm-noun-9r6H5A5-",
"links": [
[
"chill",
"chill"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 3 0 13 7 16 20 3 1 14 22 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lack of feelings or emotion"
],
"id": "en-cold-enm-noun-rpvZAkAO",
"links": [
[
"feelings",
"feelings"
],
[
"emotion",
"emotion"
]
]
},
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"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Alchemy",
"orig": "enm:Alchemy",
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"Pseudoscience",
"Sciences",
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"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
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"Biology",
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"Fundamental"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "8 14 0 12 1 1 0 1 19 17 2 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "enm:Temperature",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"Alchemical coldness"
],
"id": "en-cold-enm-noun-o6jDQ6BL",
"links": [
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(alchemy, medicine) Alchemical coldness"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"medicine",
"pseudoscience",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔːld/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʃɛːld/",
"note": "from the form ċeald"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cald"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cheld"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cheald"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chald"
}
],
"word": "cold"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Temperature"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cold"
},
"expansion": "English: cold",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cold"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "cawd",
"3": "cauld"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: cawd, cauld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: cawd, cauld"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cald",
"3": "cauld"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cald, cauld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cald, cauld"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "coale",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: coale, khoal, cole",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: coale, khoal, cole"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
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"inh": "2"
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"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cald"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċeald"
},
"expansion": "ċeald",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cald, an Anglian form of ċeald.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "colde",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "colder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "*coldest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
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{
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"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "colde",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "colder",
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"8": "*coldest",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cold (plural and weak singular colde, comparative colder, superlative *coldest)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "colde",
"2": "colder",
"3": "*coldest"
},
"expansion": "cold (plural and weak singular colde, comparative colder, superlative *coldest)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cold, cool"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold#English"
],
[
"cool",
"cool"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(temperature) cold, cool"
],
"senseid": [
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"topics": [
"temperature"
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},
{
"categories": [
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"cold, cool"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
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"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weather) cold, cool"
],
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"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences",
"weather"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"having a tendency to be cold"
],
"qualifier": "locations",
"raw_glosses": [
"(locations) having a tendency to be cold"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cold-feeling, cold when touched, cooled, chilly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lifeless, having the pallor of death"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cold-hearted, indifferent, insensitive"
],
"links": [
[
"cold-hearted",
"cold-hearted"
],
[
"indifferent",
"indifferent"
],
[
"insensitive",
"insensitive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"distressed, sorrowful, worried"
],
"links": [
[
"distressed",
"distressed"
],
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"worried",
"worried"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Alchemy",
"enm:Medicine"
],
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"Considered to be alchemically cold"
],
"links": [
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(alchemy, medicine) Considered to be alchemically cold"
],
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"alchemy",
"medicine",
"pseudoscience",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔːld/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʃɛːld/",
"note": "from the form ċeald"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cald"
},
{
"word": "cheld"
},
{
"word": "cheald"
},
{
"word": "chald"
}
],
"word": "cold"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Temperature"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cold"
},
"expansion": "English: cold",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cold"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cald",
"3": "cauld"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cald, cauld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cald, cauld"
}
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{
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"3": "cald"
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"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċeald"
},
"expansion": "ċeald",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cald, an Anglian form of ċeald.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "cold",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cold, coldness"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold#English"
],
[
"coldness",
"coldness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The feeling of coldness or chill"
],
"links": [
[
"chill",
"chill"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lack of feelings or emotion"
],
"links": [
[
"feelings",
"feelings"
],
[
"emotion",
"emotion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Alchemy",
"enm:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"Alchemical coldness"
],
"links": [
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(alchemy, medicine) Alchemical coldness"
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"medicine",
"pseudoscience",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔːld/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʃɛːld/",
"note": "from the form ċeald"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cald"
},
{
"word": "cheld"
},
{
"word": "cheald"
},
{
"word": "chald"
}
],
"word": "cold"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ('superlative',): '*coldest' in 'cold (plural and weak singular colde, comparative colder, superlative *coldest)'",
"path": [
"cold"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "cold",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.