"cold" meaning in Middle English

See cold in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /kɔːld/, /tʃɛːld/ (note: from the form stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn) Forms: colde [plural], colde [singular, weak], colder [comparative], *coldest [superlative]
Etymology: From Old English cald, an Anglian form of ċeald. Etymology templates: {{dercat|enm|gmw-pro|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}, {{inh|enm|ang|cald}} Old English cald Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective|plural and weak singular|colde|comparative|colder|superlative|*coldest|head=}} cold (plural and weak singular colde, comparative colder, superlative *coldest), {{enm-adj|colde|colder|*coldest}} cold (plural and weak singular colde, comparative colder, superlative *coldest)
  1. (temperature) cold, cool
    Sense id: en-cold-enm-adj-enm:adjective Topics: temperature
  2. (weather) cold, cool Categories (topical): Weather, Temperature
    Sense id: en-cold-enm-adj-XH8nD5kl Disambiguation of Temperature: 10 13 0 14 0 0 0 0 22 17 0 25 Topics: climatology, meteorology, natural-sciences, weather
  3. (locations) having a tendency to be cold
    Sense id: en-cold-enm-adj-2EgAyXcE
  4. cold-feeling, cold when touched, cooled, chilly Categories (topical): Emotions, Temperature
    Sense id: en-cold-enm-adj-n23NLDc~ Disambiguation of Emotions: 0 3 0 13 0 19 21 4 1 14 23 1 Disambiguation of Temperature: 10 13 0 14 0 0 0 0 22 17 0 25
  5. lifeless, having the pallor of death
    Sense id: en-cold-enm-adj-gvKg9xvy
  6. cold-hearted, indifferent, insensitive Categories (topical): Emotions
    Sense id: en-cold-enm-adj--1h6hxxp Disambiguation of Emotions: 0 3 0 13 0 19 21 4 1 14 23 1
  7. distressed, sorrowful, worried Categories (topical): Emotions
    Sense id: en-cold-enm-adj-R-FFMPX4 Disambiguation of Emotions: 0 3 0 13 0 19 21 4 1 14 23 1
  8. (alchemy, medicine) Considered to be alchemically cold Categories (topical): Alchemy, Medicine
    Sense id: en-cold-enm-adj-fAWOJDj~ Topics: alchemy, medicine, pseudoscience, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: cald, cheld, cheald, chald

Noun

IPA: /kɔːld/, /tʃɛːld/ (note: from the form stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn)
Etymology: From Old English cald, an Anglian form of ċeald. Etymology templates: {{dercat|enm|gmw-pro|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}, {{inh|enm|ang|cald}} Old English cald Head templates: {{head|enm|noun}} cold
  1. cold, coldness Categories (topical): Temperature
    Sense id: en-cold-enm-noun-Kp93b3qM Disambiguation of Temperature: 10 13 0 14 0 0 0 0 22 17 0 25
  2. The feeling of coldness or chill Categories (topical): Emotions, Temperature
    Sense id: en-cold-enm-noun-9r6H5A5- Disambiguation of Emotions: 0 3 0 13 0 19 21 4 1 14 23 1 Disambiguation of Temperature: 10 13 0 14 0 0 0 0 22 17 0 25
  3. Lack of feelings or emotion Categories (topical): Emotions
    Sense id: en-cold-enm-noun-rpvZAkAO Disambiguation of Emotions: 0 3 0 13 0 19 21 4 1 14 23 1
  4. (alchemy, medicine) Alchemical coldness Categories (topical): Alchemy, Medicine, Temperature
    Sense id: en-cold-enm-noun-o6jDQ6BL Disambiguation of Temperature: 10 13 0 14 0 0 0 0 22 17 0 25 Topics: alchemy, medicine, pseudoscience, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: cald, cheld, cheald, chald

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

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  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "cold"
          },
          "expansion": "English: cold",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: cold"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en-geo",
            "2": "cawd",
            "3": "cauld"
          },
          "expansion": "Geordie English: cawd, cauld",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Geordie English: cawd, cauld"
    },
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      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
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            "2": "cald",
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        }
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      "text": "Scots: cald, cauld"
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          "args": {
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      ],
      "text": "Yola: coale, khoal, cole"
    }
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      "name": "dercat"
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        "3": "cald"
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    }
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  "etymology_text": "From Old English cald, an Anglian form of ċeald.",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "colde",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "colde",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "colder",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*coldest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
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        "7": "superlative",
        "8": "*coldest",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "cold (plural and weak singular colde, comparative colder, superlative *coldest)",
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      "args": {
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    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
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      "glosses": [
        "cold, cool"
      ],
      "id": "en-cold-enm-adj-enm:adjective",
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          "cold#English"
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        "(temperature) cold, cool"
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      "id": "en-cold-enm-adj-XH8nD5kl",
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          "cool"
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        "(weather) cold, cool"
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    },
    {
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      "qualifier": "locations",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(locations) having a tendency to be cold"
      ]
    },
    {
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          "_dis": "0 3 0 13 0 19 21 4 1 14 23 1",
          "kind": "topical",
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            "Mind",
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          "_dis": "10 13 0 14 0 0 0 0 22 17 0 25",
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          "name": "Temperature",
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            "Nature",
            "Weather",
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            "Atmosphere",
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          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
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        "cold-feeling, cold when touched, cooled, chilly"
      ],
      "id": "en-cold-enm-adj-n23NLDc~"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lifeless, having the pallor of death"
      ],
      "id": "en-cold-enm-adj-gvKg9xvy"
    },
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          "_dis": "0 3 0 13 0 19 21 4 1 14 23 1",
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        }
      ],
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        "cold-hearted, indifferent, insensitive"
      ],
      "id": "en-cold-enm-adj--1h6hxxp",
      "links": [
        [
          "cold-hearted",
          "cold-hearted"
        ],
        [
          "indifferent",
          "indifferent"
        ],
        [
          "insensitive",
          "insensitive"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 3 0 13 0 19 21 4 1 14 23 1",
          "kind": "topical",
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            "Mind",
            "Human",
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            "Fundamental"
          ],
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        }
      ],
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        "distressed, sorrowful, worried"
      ],
      "id": "en-cold-enm-adj-R-FFMPX4",
      "links": [
        [
          "distressed",
          "distressed"
        ],
        [
          "sorrowful",
          "sorrowful"
        ],
        [
          "worried",
          "worried"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
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          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Alchemy",
          "orig": "enm:Alchemy",
          "parents": [
            "Forteana",
            "Obsolete scientific theories",
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            "History of science",
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            "Fundamental"
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        },
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          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "enm:Medicine",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Healthcare",
            "Sciences",
            "Health",
            "All topics",
            "Body",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Considered to be alchemically cold"
      ],
      "id": "en-cold-enm-adj-fAWOJDj~",
      "links": [
        [
          "alchemy",
          "alchemy"
        ],
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(alchemy, medicine) Considered to be alchemically cold"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "alchemy",
        "medicine",
        "pseudoscience",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔːld/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʃɛːld/",
      "note": "from the form stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
    }
  ],
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cald"
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      "word": "cheald"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "chald"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cold"
}

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          "name": "desc"
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      "text": "Scots: cald, cauld"
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  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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        {
          "_dis": "10 13 0 14 0 0 0 0 22 17 0 25",
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          "_dis": "0 3 0 13 0 19 21 4 1 14 23 1",
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        [
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            "Mind",
            "Human",
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      ],
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        "Lack of feelings or emotion"
      ],
      "id": "en-cold-enm-noun-rpvZAkAO",
      "links": [
        [
          "feelings",
          "feelings"
        ],
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          "_dis": "10 13 0 14 0 0 0 0 22 17 0 25",
          "kind": "topical",
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      "ipa": "/kɔːld/"
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}
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    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
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  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cold, cool"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold#English"
        ],
        [
          "cool",
          "cool"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(temperature) cold, cool"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:adjective"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "temperature"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "enm:Weather"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cold, cool"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold#English"
        ],
        [
          "cool",
          "cool"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(weather) cold, cool"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "climatology",
        "meteorology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "weather"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "having a tendency to be cold"
      ],
      "qualifier": "locations",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(locations) having a tendency to be cold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cold-feeling, cold when touched, cooled, chilly"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lifeless, having the pallor of death"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cold-hearted, indifferent, insensitive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cold-hearted",
          "cold-hearted"
        ],
        [
          "indifferent",
          "indifferent"
        ],
        [
          "insensitive",
          "insensitive"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "distressed, sorrowful, worried"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "distressed",
          "distressed"
        ],
        [
          "sorrowful",
          "sorrowful"
        ],
        [
          "worried",
          "worried"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "enm:Alchemy",
        "enm:Medicine"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Considered to be alchemically cold"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "alchemy",
          "alchemy"
        ],
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(alchemy, medicine) Considered to be alchemically cold"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "alchemy",
        "medicine",
        "pseudoscience",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔːld/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʃɛːld/",
      "note": "from the form stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "cald"
    },
    {
      "word": "cheld"
    },
    {
      "word": "cheald"
    },
    {
      "word": "chald"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cold"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Emotions",
    "enm:Temperature"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "cold"
          },
          "expansion": "English: cold",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: cold"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "cald",
            "3": "cauld"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: cald, cauld",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: cald, cauld"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "gem-pro",
        "4": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "cald"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English cald",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English cald, an Anglian form of ċeald.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "cold",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cold, coldness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold#English"
        ],
        [
          "coldness",
          "coldness"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The feeling of coldness or chill"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chill",
          "chill"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Lack of feelings or emotion"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "feelings",
          "feelings"
        ],
        [
          "emotion",
          "emotion"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "enm:Alchemy",
        "enm:Medicine"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alchemical coldness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "alchemy",
          "alchemy"
        ],
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(alchemy, medicine) Alchemical coldness"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "alchemy",
        "medicine",
        "pseudoscience",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔːld/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʃɛːld/",
      "note": "from the form stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "cald"
    },
    {
      "word": "cheld"
    },
    {
      "word": "cheald"
    },
    {
      "word": "chald"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cold"
}

Download raw JSONL data for cold meaning in Middle English (5.9kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ('superlative',): '*coldest' in 'cold (plural and weak singular colde, comparative colder, superlative *coldest)'",
  "path": [
    "cold"
  ],
  "section": "Middle English",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "cold",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.