See caitif in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
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"templates": [
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"1": "en",
"2": "caitiff"
},
"expansion": "English: caitiff",
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{
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"templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": "catif"
},
"expansion": "Scots: catif",
"name": "desc"
},
{
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"2": "xno",
"3": "caitif"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman caitif",
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},
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},
{
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"2": "captif"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of captif",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman caitif, from Latin captīvus. Doublet of captif.",
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}
],
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"expansion": "caitif (plural caitifes)",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 11 0 11 28 28 0 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A captive, prisoner or hostage."
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-noun-qI094fRJ",
"links": [
[
"captive",
"captive"
],
[
"prisoner",
"prisoner"
],
[
"hostage",
"hostage"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 11 0 11 28 28 0 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, \"The Knight's Tale\", The Canterbury Tales",
"text": "For, certes, lord, þer is noon of us alle / Þat she ne haþ been a duchesse or a queene. / Now be we caytyves, as it is wel seene, / Þanked be Fortune and hire false wheel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A miser, wretch, pauper or beggar; a miserable person"
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-noun-MhdFowsM",
"links": [
[
"miser",
"miser"
],
[
"wretch",
"wretch"
],
[
"pauper",
"pauper"
],
[
"beggar",
"beggar"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A despicable or evil person."
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-noun-9QPPYIKw",
"links": [
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 21 9 1 4 4 2 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 19 11 2 7 6 0 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -yf",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 22 7 2 4 4 0 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 24 4 1 3 2 0 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 18 2 10 7 13 0 48",
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"orig": "enm:Emotions",
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},
{
"_dis": "0 11 0 11 28 28 0 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being held hostage."
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-noun-ZSlbDU7Q",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The state of being held hostage."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kæi̯ˈtiːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæi̯tif/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caytyf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caitijf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caytif"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chaitif"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kaytif"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caytyve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caytef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caytyff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kaytyff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caiteff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caytyffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kaytiffe"
}
],
"word": "caitif"
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},
{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "captīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin captīvus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "captif"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of captif",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman caitif, from Latin captīvus. Doublet of captif.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caitiver",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "catifest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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"8": "catifest",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "caitif (comparative caitiver, superlative catifest)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "caitiver",
"3": "catifest"
},
"expansion": "caitif (comparative caitiver, superlative catifest)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"In captivity or jail; kidnapped."
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-adj-n7C4-vOf",
"links": [
[
"captivity",
"captivity"
],
[
"jail",
"jail"
],
[
"kidnapped",
"kidnapped"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 11 0 11 28 28 0 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Driven to despair; saddened."
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-adj-1PvW1M0y",
"links": [
[
"saddened",
"saddened"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"miserly, of little means."
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-adj-w0L8mHQj",
"links": [
[
"miserly",
"miserly"
],
[
"little",
"little"
],
[
"means",
"means"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 11 0 11 28 28 0 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"malicious, bad, sinful, heartless."
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-adj-5OwkzZCZ",
"links": [
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"heartless",
"heartless"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kæi̯ˈtiːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæi̯tif/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caytyf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caitijf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caytif"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chaitif"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kaytif"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caytyve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caytef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caytyff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kaytyff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caiteff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caytyffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kaytiffe"
}
],
"word": "caitif"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -yf",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:People"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caitiff"
},
"expansion": "English: caitiff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: caitiff"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "catif"
},
"expansion": "Scots: catif",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: catif (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "caitif"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman caitif",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "captīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin captīvus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "captif"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of captif",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman caitif, from Latin captīvus. Doublet of captif.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caitifes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
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},
"expansion": "caitif",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "caitifes"
},
"expansion": "caitif (plural caitifes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A captive, prisoner or hostage."
],
"links": [
[
"captive",
"captive"
],
[
"prisoner",
"prisoner"
],
[
"hostage",
"hostage"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "Late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, \"The Knight's Tale\", The Canterbury Tales",
"text": "For, certes, lord, þer is noon of us alle / Þat she ne haþ been a duchesse or a queene. / Now be we caytyves, as it is wel seene, / Þanked be Fortune and hire false wheel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A miser, wretch, pauper or beggar; a miserable person"
],
"links": [
[
"miser",
"miser"
],
[
"wretch",
"wretch"
],
[
"pauper",
"pauper"
],
[
"beggar",
"beggar"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A despicable or evil person."
],
"links": [
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being held hostage."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The state of being held hostage."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kæi̯ˈtiːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæi̯tif/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "caytyf"
},
{
"word": "caitijf"
},
{
"word": "caytif"
},
{
"word": "chaitif"
},
{
"word": "kaytif"
},
{
"word": "caytyve"
},
{
"word": "caytef"
},
{
"word": "caytyff"
},
{
"word": "kaytyff"
},
{
"word": "caiteff"
},
{
"word": "caytyffe"
},
{
"word": "kaytiffe"
}
],
"word": "caitif"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -yf",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:People"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caitiff"
},
"expansion": "English: caitiff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: caitiff"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "caitif"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman caitif",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "captīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin captīvus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "captif"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of captif",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman caitif, from Latin captīvus. Doublet of captif.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caitiver",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "catifest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "caitiver",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "catifest",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "caitif (comparative caitiver, superlative catifest)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "caitiver",
"3": "catifest"
},
"expansion": "caitif (comparative caitiver, superlative catifest)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"In captivity or jail; kidnapped."
],
"links": [
[
"captivity",
"captivity"
],
[
"jail",
"jail"
],
[
"kidnapped",
"kidnapped"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Driven to despair; saddened."
],
"links": [
[
"saddened",
"saddened"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"miserly, of little means."
],
"links": [
[
"miserly",
"miserly"
],
[
"little",
"little"
],
[
"means",
"means"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"malicious, bad, sinful, heartless."
],
"links": [
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"heartless",
"heartless"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kæi̯ˈtiːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæi̯tif/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "caytyf"
},
{
"word": "caitijf"
},
{
"word": "caytif"
},
{
"word": "chaitif"
},
{
"word": "kaytif"
},
{
"word": "caytyve"
},
{
"word": "caytef"
},
{
"word": "caytyff"
},
{
"word": "kaytyff"
},
{
"word": "caiteff"
},
{
"word": "caytyffe"
},
{
"word": "kaytiffe"
}
],
"word": "caitif"
}
Download raw JSONL data for caitif meaning in Middle English (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.