See bole in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bull"
},
"expansion": "English: bull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bull"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bul",
"3": "bull"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bul, bull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bul, bull"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bula"
},
"expansion": "Old English bula",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "boli"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse boli",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a mixture of Old English bula, *bulla, and Old Norse boli, both from Proto-Germanic *bulô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "boles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bole",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "bolen"
},
"expansion": "bole (plural boles or bolen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bullok"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bulimong"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 16 9 13 1 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Male animals",
"orig": "enm:Male animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Male",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bull, steer, male cow"
],
"id": "en-bole-enm-noun-enm:bull",
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"steer",
"steer"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:bull"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Heraldry",
"orig": "enm:Heraldry",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 38 23 29 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 44 15 23 4 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bovines",
"orig": "enm:Bovines",
"parents": [
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 30 31 28 3 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Livestock",
"orig": "enm:Livestock",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A heraldic bull"
],
"id": "en-bole-enm-noun-XIdqnUqG",
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) A heraldic bull"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Astrology",
"orig": "enm:Astrology",
"parents": [
"Divination",
"Obsolete scientific theories",
"Pseudoscience",
"Occult",
"History of science",
"Sciences",
"Forteana",
"Supernatural",
"History",
"All topics",
"Folklore",
"Fundamental",
"Culture",
"Society"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 17 39 28 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 30 31 28 3 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Livestock",
"orig": "enm:Livestock",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Taurus (zodiac)"
],
"id": "en-bole-enm-noun-y2l2BVQx",
"links": [
[
"astrology",
"astrology"
],
[
"Taurus",
"Taurus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astrology) Taurus (zodiac)"
],
"topics": [
"astrology",
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "enm:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 30 31 28 3 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Livestock",
"orig": "enm:Livestock",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Taurus (constellation)"
],
"id": "en-bole-enm-noun-f5rWHGJK",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"Taurus",
"Taurus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) Taurus (constellation)"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbul(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbuːl(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːl(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bule"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bolle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "boule"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bool"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "boole"
}
],
"word": "bole"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bole"
},
"expansion": "English: bole",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bole"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "bolr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bolr",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse bolr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "boles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bole",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bole (plural boles)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"trunk, bole"
],
"id": "en-bole-enm-noun-enm:trunk",
"links": [
[
"trunk",
"trunk"
],
[
"bole",
"bole#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:trunk"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tree"
],
"id": "en-bole-enm-noun-3Jxe24st",
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːl/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "boole"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bol"
}
],
"word": "bole"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Bovines",
"enm:Livestock",
"enm:Male animals"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bull"
},
"expansion": "English: bull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bull"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bul",
"3": "bull"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bul, bull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bul, bull"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bula"
},
"expansion": "Old English bula",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "boli"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse boli",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a mixture of Old English bula, *bulla, and Old Norse boli, both from Proto-Germanic *bulô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "boles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bole",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "bolen"
},
"expansion": "bole (plural boles or bolen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bullok"
},
{
"word": "bulimong"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bull, steer, male cow"
],
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"steer",
"steer"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:bull"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Heraldry"
],
"glosses": [
"A heraldic bull"
],
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) A heraldic bull"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Astrology"
],
"glosses": [
"Taurus (zodiac)"
],
"links": [
[
"astrology",
"astrology"
],
[
"Taurus",
"Taurus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astrology) Taurus (zodiac)"
],
"topics": [
"astrology",
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"Taurus (constellation)"
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"Taurus",
"Taurus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) Taurus (constellation)"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbul(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbuːl(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːl(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bule"
},
{
"word": "bul"
},
{
"word": "bolle"
},
{
"word": "boule"
},
{
"word": "bool"
},
{
"word": "boole"
}
],
"word": "bole"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Bovines",
"enm:Livestock",
"enm:Male animals"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bole"
},
"expansion": "English: bole",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bole"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "bolr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bolr",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse bolr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "boles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bole",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bole (plural boles)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"trunk, bole"
],
"links": [
[
"trunk",
"trunk"
],
[
"bole",
"bole#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:trunk"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tree"
],
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːl/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "boole"
},
{
"word": "bol"
}
],
"word": "bole"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bole meaning in Middle English (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.