See bir in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "birr" }, "expansion": "English: birr", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: birr" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "byre", "t": "strong wind, storm" }, "expansion": "Old English byre (“strong wind, storm”)", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English byre (“strong wind, storm”).", "forms": [ { "form": "birs", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "nouns", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "bir", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "bir (plural birs)", "name": "enm-noun" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:", "text": "Were blouen to þe brode se in a bir swithe.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "A strong or favorable wind." ], "id": "en-bir-enm-noun-cf-x-0bB", "links": [ [ "wind", "wind" ] ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:", "text": "A ᵹonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ᵹode.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "An armed assault or sally; a clash or encounter; a blow or stroke; an attack or affliction." ], "id": "en-bir-enm-noun-8w5yI3HI", "links": [ [ "assault", "assault" ], [ "sally", "sally" ], [ "clash", "clash" ], [ "encounter", "encounter" ], [ "blow", "blow" ], [ "stroke", "stroke" ], [ "attack", "attack" ], [ "affliction", "affliction" ] ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "c. 1400, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:", "text": "With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Violence; strength; fury." ], "id": "en-bir-enm-noun-lSnFOtpk", "links": [ [ "Violence", "violence" ], [ "strength", "strength" ], [ "fury", "fury" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "24 16 21 38 2", "kind": "other", "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)", "roman": "Enemyes fledden with bire.", "text": "1425, Wycliffe Bible, Judges 5:22", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "An onrush, swiftness." ], "id": "en-bir-enm-noun-3RH7EYwg", "links": [ [ "onrush", "onrush" ], [ "swiftness", "swiftness" ] ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)", "roman": "Item in l bir de debito versus Rad'm Forster, 13 d.", "text": "1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "A charge on an account." ], "id": "en-bir-enm-noun-iwFljqZw", "links": [ [ "charge", "charge" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "bire" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "bur" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "byre" } ], "word": "bir" }
{ "categories": [ "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms with quotations", "Pages with 27 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "birr" }, "expansion": "English: birr", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: birr" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "byre", "t": "strong wind, storm" }, "expansion": "Old English byre (“strong wind, storm”)", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English byre (“strong wind, storm”).", "forms": [ { "form": "birs", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "nouns", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "bir", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "bir (plural birs)", "name": "enm-noun" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Middle English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:", "text": "Were blouen to þe brode se in a bir swithe.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "A strong or favorable wind." ], "links": [ [ "wind", "wind" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "Middle English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:", "text": "A ᵹonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ᵹode.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "An armed assault or sally; a clash or encounter; a blow or stroke; an attack or affliction." ], "links": [ [ "assault", "assault" ], [ "sally", "sally" ], [ "clash", "clash" ], [ "encounter", "encounter" ], [ "blow", "blow" ], [ "stroke", "stroke" ], [ "attack", "attack" ], [ "affliction", "affliction" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "Middle English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "c. 1400, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:", "text": "With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Violence; strength; fury." ], "links": [ [ "Violence", "violence" ], [ "strength", "strength" ], [ "fury", "fury" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations" ], "examples": [ { "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)", "roman": "Enemyes fledden with bire.", "text": "1425, Wycliffe Bible, Judges 5:22", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "An onrush, swiftness." ], "links": [ [ "onrush", "onrush" ], [ "swiftness", "swiftness" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations" ], "examples": [ { "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)", "roman": "Item in l bir de debito versus Rad'm Forster, 13 d.", "text": "1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "A charge on an account." ], "links": [ [ "charge", "charge" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "bire" }, { "word": "bur" }, { "word": "byre" } ], "word": "bir" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.