See be in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for be meaning in Middle English (6.1kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēon",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēon.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of been"
],
"id": "en-be-enm-verb-sVTiB-GI",
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "bee"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of bee"
],
"id": "en-be-enm-noun-97GZ3CRM",
"links": [
[
"bee",
"bee#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēom"
},
"expansion": "bēom",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "bēon",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*biumi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *biumi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*beuną"
},
"expansion": "*beuną",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo, bēom, first-person singular of bēon, from Proto-Germanic *biumi, first-person singular of *beuną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 46 37 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of been"
],
"id": "en-be-enm-verb-VdVCu3Ba",
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "bēon",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo, singular subjunctive of bēon.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular present subjunctive of been"
],
"id": "en-be-enm-verb-clhT8yne",
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "bēon",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*beu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*beuną"
},
"expansion": "*beuną",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo, 2nd-person singular imperative of bēon, from Proto-Germanic *beu, 2nd-person singular imperative of *beuną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of been"
],
"id": "en-be-enm-verb-oLqrIWSB",
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete or dialectal as the plural"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete or dialectal as the plural)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: be (obsolete or dialectal as the plural)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēoþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēon",
"t": "to be"
},
"expansion": "bēon (“to be”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*biunþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *biunþi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*beuną",
"t": "to be, become"
},
"expansion": "*beuną (“to be, become”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Old English bēoþ (with the -þ replaced with an -n levelled in from the past and subjunctive, then lost), present plural of bēon (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *biunþi, third-person present plural of *beuną (“to be, become”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural present of been"
],
"id": "en-be-enm-verb-LB7Z2iy8",
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Middle English verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēon",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēon.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of been"
],
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "bee"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of bee"
],
"links": [
[
"bee",
"bee#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēom"
},
"expansion": "bēom",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "bēon",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*biumi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *biumi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*beuną"
},
"expansion": "*beuną",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo, bēom, first-person singular of bēon, from Proto-Germanic *biumi, first-person singular of *beuną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English first-person singular forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of been"
],
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "bēon",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo, singular subjunctive of bēon.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English singular subjunctive forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular present subjunctive of been"
],
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "bēon",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*beu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*beuną"
},
"expansion": "*beuną",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo, 2nd-person singular imperative of bēon, from Proto-Germanic *beu, 2nd-person singular imperative of *beuną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English singular imperative forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of been"
],
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete or dialectal as the plural"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete or dialectal as the plural)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: be (obsolete or dialectal as the plural)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēoþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēon",
"t": "to be"
},
"expansion": "bēon (“to be”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*biunþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *biunþi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*beuną",
"t": "to be, become"
},
"expansion": "*beuną (“to be, become”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Old English bēoþ (with the -þ replaced with an -n levelled in from the past and subjunctive, then lost), present plural of bēon (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *biunþi, third-person present plural of *beuną (“to be, become”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English plural forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural present of been"
],
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"word": "be"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.