See be in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēon",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēon.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of been"
],
"id": "en-be-enm-verb-sVTiB-GI",
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "bee"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of bee"
],
"id": "en-be-enm-noun-97GZ3CRM",
"links": [
[
"bee",
"bee#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*biumi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *biumi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo, bēom, first-person singular of bēon, from Proto-Germanic *biumi, first-person singular of *beuną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 7 37 39 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of been"
],
"id": "en-be-enm-verb-VdVCu3Ba",
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo, singular subjunctive of bēon.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 7 37 39 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular present subjunctive of been"
],
"id": "en-be-enm-verb-clhT8yne",
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*beu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo, 2nd-person singular imperative of bēon, from Proto-Germanic *beu, 2nd-person singular imperative of *beuną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of been"
],
"id": "en-be-enm-verb-oLqrIWSB",
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete or dialectal as the plural"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete or dialectal as the plural)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: be (obsolete or dialectal as the plural)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēoþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*biunþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *biunþi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Old English bēoþ (with the -þ replaced with an -n levelled in from the past and subjunctive, then lost), present plural of bēon (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *biunþi, third-person present plural of *beuną (“to be, become”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural present of been"
],
"id": "en-be-enm-verb-LB7Z2iy8",
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 52 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēon",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēon.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of been"
],
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 52 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "bee"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of bee"
],
"links": [
[
"bee",
"bee#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 52 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*biumi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *biumi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo, bēom, first-person singular of bēon, from Proto-Germanic *biumi, first-person singular of *beuną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English first-person singular forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of been"
],
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 52 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo, singular subjunctive of bēon.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English singular subjunctive forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular present subjunctive of been"
],
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 52 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*beu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēo, 2nd-person singular imperative of bēon, from Proto-Germanic *beu, 2nd-person singular imperative of *beuną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English singular imperative forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of been"
],
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "be"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 52 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete or dialectal as the plural"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete or dialectal as the plural)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: be (obsolete or dialectal as the plural)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēoþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*biunþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *biunþi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Old English bēoþ (with the -þ replaced with an -n levelled in from the past and subjunctive, then lost), present plural of bēon (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *biunþi, third-person present plural of *beuną (“to be, become”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English plural forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural present of been"
],
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "been"
}
],
"word": "be"
}
Download raw JSONL data for be meaning in Middle English (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.