and- in Middle English

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Etymology: From Old English and-, ond- (“against, back”), from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *and-, *anda-, *andi- (“across, opposite, against, away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth”). Cognate with Dutch ont-, German ant-, ent-, emp-, Icelandic and-, Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-), Latin ante (“before”), Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”). Etymology templates: {{root|enm|ine-pro|*h₂en-}}, {{inh|enm|ang|and-}} Old English and-, {{m|ang|ond-||against, back}} ond- (“against, back”), {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*anda-}} Proto-West Germanic *anda-, {{der|enm|gem-pro|*and-}} Proto-Germanic *and-, {{m|gem-pro|*anda-}} *anda-, {{m|gem-pro|*andi-||across, opposite, against, away}} *andi- (“across, opposite, against, away”), {{der|enm|ine-pro|*h₂énti||across, forth}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth”), {{cog|nl|ont-}} Dutch ont-, {{cog|de|ant-}} German ant-, {{m|de|ent-}} ent-, {{m|de|emp-}} emp-, {{cog|is|and-}} Icelandic and-, {{cog|got|𐌰𐌽𐌳-}} Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-), {{cog|la|ante||before}} Latin ante (“before”), {{cog|grc|ἀντί||against}} Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”) Head templates: {{head|enm|prefix}} and-

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{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂en-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "and-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English and-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ond-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "against, back"
      },
      "expansion": "ond- (“against, back”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*anda-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *anda-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*and-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *and-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*anda-"
      },
      "expansion": "*anda-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*andi-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "across, opposite, against, away"
      },
      "expansion": "*andi- (“across, opposite, against, away”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂énti",
        "4": "",
        "5": "across, forth"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ont-"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch ont-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "ant-"
      },
      "expansion": "German ant-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "ent-"
      },
      "expansion": "ent-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "emp-"
      },
      "expansion": "emp-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "and-"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic and-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌰𐌽𐌳-"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ante",
        "3": "",
        "4": "before"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ante (“before”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἀντί",
        "3": "",
        "4": "against"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English and-, ond- (“against, back”), from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *and-, *anda-, *andi- (“across, opposite, against, away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth”).\nCognate with Dutch ont-, German ant-, ent-, emp-, Icelandic and-, Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-), Latin ante (“before”), Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "and-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 5 16 7 1 23 3 1 0 6 4 2 23 3 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "against, back, in return, away"
      ],
      "id": "en-and--enm-prefix-Xce-zkio",
      "links": [
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ],
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ],
        [
          "in return",
          "in return"
        ],
        [
          "away",
          "away"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ond-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "and-"
}

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{
  "categories": [
    "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Saxon lemmas",
    "Old Saxon prefixes",
    "Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old Saxon terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂en-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "and-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English and-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ond-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "against, back"
      },
      "expansion": "ond- (“against, back”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*anda-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *anda-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*and-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *and-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*anda-"
      },
      "expansion": "*anda-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*andi-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "across, opposite, against, away"
      },
      "expansion": "*andi- (“across, opposite, against, away”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂énti",
        "4": "",
        "5": "across, forth"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ont-"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch ont-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "ant-"
      },
      "expansion": "German ant-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "ent-"
      },
      "expansion": "ent-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "emp-"
      },
      "expansion": "emp-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "and-"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic and-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌰𐌽𐌳-"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ante",
        "3": "",
        "4": "before"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ante (“before”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἀντί",
        "3": "",
        "4": "against"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English and-, ond- (“against, back”), from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *and-, *anda-, *andi- (“across, opposite, against, away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth”).\nCognate with Dutch ont-, German ant-, ent-, emp-, Icelandic and-, Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-), Latin ante (“before”), Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "and-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English prefixes",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en-",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "against, back, in return, away"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ],
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ],
        [
          "in return",
          "in return"
        ],
        [
          "away",
          "away"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ond-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "and-"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"and-" meaning in Middle English

Prefix