See abay in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abay"
},
"expansion": "English: abay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: abay"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "fro",
"3": "abai"
},
"expansion": "Old French abai",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French abai, from abayer.",
"head_templates": [
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"expansion": "abay",
"name": "head"
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{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "abay (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
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{
"_dis": "85 15",
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"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being defenceless against one's enemies."
],
"id": "en-abay-enm-noun-YpGTu1F5",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The state of being defenceless against one's enemies."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The baying of hounds in order to stop prey from escaping."
],
"id": "en-abay-enm-noun-9xz8TmnR",
"links": [
[
"baying",
"baying"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Late Middle English) The baying of hounds in order to stop prey from escaping."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɛi̯/"
},
{
"ipa": "/aˈbɛi̯/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "abaye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "a-bay"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "a-baye"
}
],
"word": "abay"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English nouns",
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"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Animal sounds",
"enm:Hunting",
"tl:Marriage"
],
"descendants": [
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"templates": [
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"expansion": "English: abay",
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"text": "English: abay"
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"3": "abai"
},
"expansion": "Old French abai",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French abai, from abayer.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "abay",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "abay (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English rare terms"
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being defenceless against one's enemies."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The state of being defenceless against one's enemies."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"The baying of hounds in order to stop prey from escaping."
],
"links": [
[
"baying",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Late Middle English) The baying of hounds in order to stop prey from escaping."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɛi̯/"
},
{
"ipa": "/aˈbɛi̯/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abaye"
},
{
"word": "a-bay"
},
{
"word": "a-baye"
}
],
"word": "abay"
}
Download raw JSONL data for abay meaning in Middle English (1.7kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abay/Middle English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Late-Middle-English not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old French\", \"Middle English uncountable nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"enm:Animal sounds\", \"enm:Hunting\", \"tl:Marriage\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"abay\"}, \"expansion\": \"English: abay\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"English: abay\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"abai\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French abai\", \"name\": \"bor\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Old French abai, from abayer.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"nouns\", \"g\": \"\", \"g2\": \"\", \"g3\": \"\", \"head\": \"\", \"sort\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"abay\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"abay (uncountable)\", \"name\": \"enm-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"lang_code\": \"enm\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Middle English rare terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"The state of being defenceless against one's enemies.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(rare) The state of being defenceless against one's enemies.\"], \"tags\": [\"rare\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Late Middle English\", \"Middle English terms with rare senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"The baying of hounds in order to stop prey from escaping.\"], \"links\": [[\"baying\", \"baying\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(rare, Late Middle English) The baying of hounds in order to stop prey from escaping.\"], \"tags\": [\"Late-Middle-English\", \"rare\", \"uncountable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɛi̯/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/aˈbɛi̯/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abaye\"}, {\"word\": \"a-bay\"}, {\"word\": \"a-baye\"}], \"word\": \"abay\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "abay",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.