See -ly in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ly meaning in Middle English (7.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aerly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "armlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "craftly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "idafenlic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lefly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "maydenly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "orgonly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bigly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bodily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "evenly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fayrely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "freschely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gladly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "greefly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "graythely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gromelich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "groundly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hedly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heighly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hertely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kyndely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "throly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "yerly"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ly"
},
"expansion": "English: -ly",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ly"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-lie"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -lie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -lie"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyg-",
"id": "like"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-līċ"
},
"expansion": "Old English -līċ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lich"
},
"expansion": "lich",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -līċ. Related to lich.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-lyere",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lyest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "-lyere",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "-lyest"
},
"expansion": "-ly (comparative -lyere, superlative -lyest)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns, the adjectives having the sense of \"like or characteristic of what is denoted by the noun\"."
],
"id": "en--ly-enm-suffix-enm:adjectival",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:adjectival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 5 25 5 6 34 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "E.g. ded (“no longer alive”), dedly (“causing, resembling or subject to death”); schort (“not long”), shortly (“momentary; very brief”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appended to adjectives in order to render meaning of the adjective either more intense or more approximate."
],
"id": "en--ly-enm-suffix-v0dTltvJ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-liː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-liːt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-lit͡ʃ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-liche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lyche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lych"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-li"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-like"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lyke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lei"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-liȝ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-lic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-lece"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-luch"
}
],
"word": "-ly"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bigly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bodily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "evenly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fayrely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "freschely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gladly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "greefly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "graythely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gromelich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "groundly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hedly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heighly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hertely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kyndely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "throly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "yerly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "atterluche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "boldely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "craftily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "diȝelliche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "eadiliche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fakenliche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gidiliche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ȝewislice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hagherlych"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "justislich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "werkmanly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wisly"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ly"
},
"expansion": "English: -ly",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ly"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-lie"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -lie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -lie"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyg-",
"id": "like"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-līċe"
},
"expansion": "Old English -līċe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-līċ"
},
"expansion": "-līċ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -līċe, itself a combination of the adjective-forming suffix -līċ (see etymology 1 above) and the adverbial suffix -e.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-lyere",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lyest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "-lyere",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "-lyest"
},
"expansion": "-ly (comparative -lyere, superlative -lyest)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form adverbs from adjectives, and nouns; the adverbs having the sense of \"in the manner of what is denoted by the adjective/noun\"."
],
"id": "en--ly-enm-suffix-enm:adverbial",
"links": [
[
"adverb",
"adverb"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:adverbial"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Optionally appended to adverbs without suffixes with no change to the meaning."
],
"id": "en--ly-enm-suffix-Rq74ACLf",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-liː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-liːt͡ʃ(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-lit͡ʃ(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-liche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lyche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lych"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-li"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-like"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lyke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lei"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-liȝ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-licke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-lycke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-leche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-loche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-luche"
}
],
"word": "-ly"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leyg- (like)",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aerly"
},
{
"word": "armlich"
},
{
"word": "bigly"
},
{
"word": "bodily"
},
{
"word": "craftly"
},
{
"word": "evenly"
},
{
"word": "fayrely"
},
{
"word": "frely"
},
{
"word": "freschely"
},
{
"word": "gladly"
},
{
"word": "greefly"
},
{
"word": "graythely"
},
{
"word": "gromelich"
},
{
"word": "groundly"
},
{
"word": "hedly"
},
{
"word": "heighly"
},
{
"word": "hertely"
},
{
"word": "idafenlic"
},
{
"word": "kyndely"
},
{
"word": "lefly"
},
{
"word": "maydenly"
},
{
"word": "orgonly"
},
{
"word": "throly"
},
{
"word": "yerly"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ly"
},
"expansion": "English: -ly",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ly"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-lie"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -lie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -lie"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyg-",
"id": "like"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-līċ"
},
"expansion": "Old English -līċ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lich"
},
"expansion": "lich",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -līċ. Related to lich.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-lyere",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lyest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "-lyere",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "-lyest"
},
"expansion": "-ly (comparative -lyere, superlative -lyest)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns, the adjectives having the sense of \"like or characteristic of what is denoted by the noun\"."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:adjectival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "E.g. ded (“no longer alive”), dedly (“causing, resembling or subject to death”); schort (“not long”), shortly (“momentary; very brief”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appended to adjectives in order to render meaning of the adjective either more intense or more approximate."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-liː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-liːt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-lit͡ʃ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-lich"
},
{
"word": "-liche"
},
{
"word": "-lyche"
},
{
"word": "-lych"
},
{
"word": "-li"
},
{
"word": "-lie"
},
{
"word": "-lye"
},
{
"word": "-like"
},
{
"word": "-lik"
},
{
"word": "-lyke"
},
{
"word": "-lyk"
},
{
"word": "-le"
},
{
"word": "-lei"
},
{
"word": "-lice"
},
{
"word": "-lic"
},
{
"word": "-liȝ"
},
{
"word": "-lece"
},
{
"word": "-luch"
}
],
"word": "-ly"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leyg- (like)",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "atterluche"
},
{
"word": "bigly"
},
{
"word": "bodily"
},
{
"word": "boldely"
},
{
"word": "craftily"
},
{
"word": "diȝelliche"
},
{
"word": "eadiliche"
},
{
"word": "evenly"
},
{
"word": "fakenliche"
},
{
"word": "fayrely"
},
{
"word": "frely"
},
{
"word": "freschely"
},
{
"word": "gidiliche"
},
{
"word": "gladly"
},
{
"word": "greefly"
},
{
"word": "graythely"
},
{
"word": "gromelich"
},
{
"word": "groundly"
},
{
"word": "ȝewislice"
},
{
"word": "hagherlych"
},
{
"word": "hedly"
},
{
"word": "heighly"
},
{
"word": "hertely"
},
{
"word": "justislich"
},
{
"word": "kyndely"
},
{
"word": "throly"
},
{
"word": "werkmanly"
},
{
"word": "wisly"
},
{
"word": "yerly"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ly"
},
"expansion": "English: -ly",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ly"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-lie"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -lie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -lie"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyg-",
"id": "like"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-līċe"
},
"expansion": "Old English -līċe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-līċ"
},
"expansion": "-līċ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -līċe, itself a combination of the adjective-forming suffix -līċ (see etymology 1 above) and the adverbial suffix -e.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-lyere",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lyest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "-lyere",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "-lyest"
},
"expansion": "-ly (comparative -lyere, superlative -lyest)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form adverbs from adjectives, and nouns; the adverbs having the sense of \"in the manner of what is denoted by the adjective/noun\"."
],
"links": [
[
"adverb",
"adverb"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:adverbial"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Optionally appended to adverbs without suffixes with no change to the meaning."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-liː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-liːt͡ʃ(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-lit͡ʃ(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-lich"
},
{
"word": "-liche"
},
{
"word": "-lyche"
},
{
"word": "-lych"
},
{
"word": "-li"
},
{
"word": "-lie"
},
{
"word": "-lye"
},
{
"word": "-like"
},
{
"word": "-lik"
},
{
"word": "-licke"
},
{
"word": "-lyke"
},
{
"word": "-lyk"
},
{
"word": "-lycke"
},
{
"word": "-leche"
},
{
"word": "-le"
},
{
"word": "-lei"
},
{
"word": "-loche"
},
{
"word": "-lice"
},
{
"word": "-liȝ"
},
{
"word": "-luche"
}
],
"word": "-ly"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.