See -ling in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ling meaning in Middle English (3.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ling"
},
"expansion": "English: -ling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ling"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ling",
"3": "-lin"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -ling, -lin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -ling, -lin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ling",
"id": "nominal",
"pos": "nominal suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ling (nominal suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ling",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-el",
"3": "-ing",
"id1": "agentive",
"id2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "-el + -ing",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ling (nominal suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-ling, from Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz; equivalent to -el + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ling",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix used in forming personal nouns"
],
"id": "en--ling-enm-suffix-enm:diminutive",
"senseid": [
"enm:diminutive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "66 34",
"word": "-linge"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 34",
"word": "-lingge"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 34",
"word": "-lyng"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 34",
"word": "-lynge"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 52 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 53 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -el (agentive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ing (diminutive suffix)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 60 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix forming diminutives"
],
"id": "en--ling-enm-suffix-UG-Vi9H1",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-linɡ/"
}
],
"word": "-ling"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ling",
"3": "-long"
},
"expansion": "English: -ling, -long",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "headlong"
},
"expansion": "headlong",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "English: -ling, -long (as in headlong)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ling",
"id": "adverbial",
"pos": "adverbial suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ling (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ling (adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ling",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An adverbial suffix denoting direction, state or position."
],
"id": "en--ling-enm-suffix-enm:adverbial",
"senseid": [
"enm:adverbial"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-linɡ/"
}
],
"word": "-ling"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English diminutive suffixes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -el (agentive)",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ing (diminutive suffix)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Old English diminutive suffixes",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine suffixes",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ling"
},
"expansion": "English: -ling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ling"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ling",
"3": "-lin"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -ling, -lin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -ling, -lin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ling",
"id": "nominal",
"pos": "nominal suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ling (nominal suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ling",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilingaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-el",
"3": "-ing",
"id1": "agentive",
"id2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "-el + -ing",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ling (nominal suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-ling, from Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz; equivalent to -el + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ling",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix used in forming personal nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"enm:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming diminutives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-linɡ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-linge"
},
{
"word": "-lingge"
},
{
"word": "-lyng"
},
{
"word": "-lynge"
}
],
"word": "-ling"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English diminutive suffixes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Old English diminutive suffixes",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine suffixes",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ling",
"3": "-long"
},
"expansion": "English: -ling, -long",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "headlong"
},
"expansion": "headlong",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "English: -ling, -long (as in headlong)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ling",
"id": "adverbial",
"pos": "adverbial suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ling (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ling (adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ling",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An adverbial suffix denoting direction, state or position."
],
"senseid": [
"enm:adverbial"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-linɡ/"
}
],
"word": "-ling"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.