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• been/Middle English/verb

been/Middle English/verb

• 1: been/Middle English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Early-Middle-English not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English suppletive verbs", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English verbs", "Pages with 10 entries", "Pages with entries", "enm:Brassicales order plants"], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "be"}, "expansion": "English: be", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "dialectal"}, "expansion": "(dialectal)", "name": "q"}], "text": "English: be; been (dialectal)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "be"}, "expansion": "Scots: be", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Scots: be"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "yol", "2": "ba", "alts": "1"}, "expansion": "Yola: ba, b', bee, be", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Yola: ba, b', bee, be"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*beun"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *beun", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰewHeti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewHeti", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From a conflation of Old English bēon and wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *beun and *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *beuną and *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewHeti (see Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-) and a conflation of *h₂wéseti and *h₁ésti.", "forms": [{"form": "is", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "beynge", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "was", "tags": ["first-person", "indicative", "past", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "been", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "irregular", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "enm-conj-irr", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "to been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "am", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["first-person", "present", "singular"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["first-person", "present", "singular"]}, {"form": "was", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["first-person", "past", "singular"]}, {"form": "art", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "second-person", "singular"]}, {"form": "bist", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "second-person", "singular"]}, {"form": "were", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "second-person", "singular"]}, {"form": "is", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "bith", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "was", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "singular", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "were", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "singular", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "present", "singular"]}, {"form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "past", "singular"]}, {"form": "aren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present"]}, {"form": "are", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present"]}, {"form": "been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present"]}, {"form": "weren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "plural"]}, {"form": "were", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "plural"]}, {"form": "been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "weren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "plural", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "were", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "plural", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "beth", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "plural", "present"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "plural", "present"]}, {"form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "past", "plural"]}, {"form": "beynge", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "beende", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "ybeen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "ybe", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "verb", "head": ""}, "expansion": "been", "name": "head"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "beynge", "3": "was", "4": "been"}, "expansion": "been (third-person singular simple present is, present participle beynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative was, past participle been)", "name": "enm-verb"}], "inflection_templates": [{"args": {"type": "been"}, "name": "enm-conj-irr"}], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["Middle English intransitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To be; to exist or have existence:", "To occur; to come to be."], "links": [["be", "be"], ["exist", "exist"], ["existence", "existence"], ["occur", "occur"], ["come", "come"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:", "(intransitive) To occur; to come to be."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English intransitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To be; to exist or have existence:", "To be with a certain quality or in a certain situation."], "links": [["be", "be"], ["exist", "exist"], ["existence", "existence"], ["quality", "quality"], ["situation", "situation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:", "(with adjective or adverb) To be with a certain quality or in a certain situation."], "raw_tags": ["with adjective or adverb"], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English intransitive verbs", "Middle English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To be; to exist or have existence:", "To be to or for someone or something."], "links": [["be", "be"], ["exist", "exist"], ["existence", "existence"], ["to", "to"], ["for", "for"], ["someone", "someone"], ["something", "something"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:", "(transitive) To be to or for someone or something."], "tags": ["intransitive", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English copulative verbs", "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "glosses": ["To be something or someone.", "To be someone's; to be in someone's possession."], "links": [["copulative", "copular verb"], ["be", "be"], ["something", "something"], ["someone", "someone"]], "raw_glosses": ["(copulative) To be something or someone.", "(with genitive) To be someone's; to be in someone's possession."], "tags": ["copulative", "with-genitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English auxiliary verbs", "Middle English copulative verbs", "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "As soon as Judas had awakened from his rest, / Thirty pieces of silver had been taken from him.", "ref": "c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 16-17; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:", "text": "Sone ſo iudaſ of ſlepe waſ awake. / þritti platen of ſelu[er] from hym weren itake.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To be something or someone.", "Forms the continuous present and perfect."], "links": [["copulative", "copular verb"], ["be", "be"], ["something", "something"], ["someone", "someone"]], "raw_glosses": ["(copulative) To be something or someone.", "(auxiliary) Forms the continuous present and perfect."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "copulative"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English auxiliary verbs", "Middle English copulative verbs", "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "glosses": ["To be something or someone.", "Forms the perfect tense with some intransitive verbs."], "links": [["copulative", "copular verb"], ["be", "be"], ["something", "something"], ["someone", "someone"]], "raw_glosses": ["(copulative) To be something or someone.", "(auxiliary) Forms the perfect tense with some intransitive verbs."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "copulative"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English copulative verbs", "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "I know your actions: you aren't cold, but neither are you hot. I'd like it if you were either cold or hot.", "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 3:15, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:", "text": "I woot þi werkis · foꝛ nei[þer] þou art coold nei[þer] þou art hoot / I wolde þat þou were coold ei[þer] hoot", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:", "text": "[…]Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent[…]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To be something or someone."], "links": [["copulative", "copular verb"], ["be", "be"], ["something", "something"], ["someone", "someone"]], "raw_glosses": ["(copulative) To be something or someone."], "tags": ["copulative"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English auxiliary verbs"], "glosses": ["Forms various passive constructions."], "raw_glosses": ["(auxiliary) Forms various passive constructions."], "tags": ["auxiliary"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bøːn/", "tags": ["Early-Middle-English"]}, {"ipa": "/beːn/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "be"}, {"word": "bean"}, {"word": "ben"}, {"word": "beon"}, {"word": "boen"}, {"alt": "from *h₁ésti", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "seen"}, {"word": "sen"}], "word": "been"}

been/Middle English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Early-Middle-English not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English suppletive verbs", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English verbs", "Pages with 10 entries", "Pages with entries", "enm:Brassicales order plants"], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "be"}, "expansion": "English: be", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "dialectal"}, "expansion": "(dialectal)", "name": "q"}], "text": "English: be; been (dialectal)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "be"}, "expansion": "Scots: be", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Scots: be"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "yol", "2": "ba", "alts": "1"}, "expansion": "Yola: ba, b', bee, be", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Yola: ba, b', bee, be"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*beun"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *beun", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰewHeti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewHeti", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From a conflation of Old English bēon and wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *beun and *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *beuną and *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewHeti (see Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-) and a conflation of *h₂wéseti and *h₁ésti.", "forms": [{"form": "is", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "beynge", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "was", "tags": ["first-person", "indicative", "past", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "been", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "irregular", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "enm-conj-irr", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "to been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "am", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["first-person", "present", "singular"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["first-person", "present", "singular"]}, {"form": "was", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["first-person", "past", "singular"]}, {"form": "art", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "second-person", "singular"]}, {"form": "bist", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "second-person", "singular"]}, {"form": "were", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "second-person", "singular"]}, {"form": "is", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "bith", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "was", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "singular", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "were", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "singular", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "present", "singular"]}, {"form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "past", "singular"]}, {"form": "aren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present"]}, {"form": "are", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present"]}, {"form": "been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present"]}, {"form": "weren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "plural"]}, {"form": "were", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "plural"]}, {"form": "been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "weren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "plural", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "were", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "plural", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "beth", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "plural", "present"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "plural", "present"]}, {"form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "past", "plural"]}, {"form": "beynge", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "beende", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "ybeen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "ybe", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "verb", "head": ""}, "expansion": "been", "name": "head"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "beynge", "3": "was", "4": "been"}, "expansion": "been (third-person singular simple present is, present participle beynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative was, past participle been)", "name": "enm-verb"}], "inflection_templates": [{"args": {"type": "been"}, "name": "enm-conj-irr"}], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["Middle English intransitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To be; to exist or have existence:", "To occur; to come to be."], "links": [["be", "be"], ["exist", "exist"], ["existence", "existence"], ["occur", "occur"], ["come", "come"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:", "(intransitive) To occur; to come to be."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English intransitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To be; to exist or have existence:", "To be with a certain quality or in a certain situation."], "links": [["be", "be"], ["exist", "exist"], ["existence", "existence"], ["quality", "quality"], ["situation", "situation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:", "(with adjective or adverb) To be with a certain quality or in a certain situation."], "raw_tags": ["with adjective or adverb"], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English intransitive verbs", "Middle English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To be; to exist or have existence:", "To be to or for someone or something."], "links": [["be", "be"], ["exist", "exist"], ["existence", "existence"], ["to", "to"], ["for", "for"], ["someone", "someone"], ["something", "something"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:", "(transitive) To be to or for someone or something."], "tags": ["intransitive", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English copulative verbs", "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "glosses": ["To be something or someone.", "To be someone's; to be in someone's possession."], "links": [["copulative", "copular verb"], ["be", "be"], ["something", "something"], ["someone", "someone"]], "raw_glosses": ["(copulative) To be something or someone.", "(with genitive) To be someone's; to be in someone's possession."], "tags": ["copulative", "with-genitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English auxiliary verbs", "Middle English copulative verbs", "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "As soon as Judas had awakened from his rest, / Thirty pieces of silver had been taken from him.", "ref": "c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 16-17; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:", "text": "Sone ſo iudaſ of ſlepe waſ awake. / þritti platen of ſelu[er] from hym weren itake.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To be something or someone.", "Forms the continuous present and perfect."], "links": [["copulative", "copular verb"], ["be", "be"], ["something", "something"], ["someone", "someone"]], "raw_glosses": ["(copulative) To be something or someone.", "(auxiliary) Forms the continuous present and perfect."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "copulative"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English auxiliary verbs", "Middle English copulative verbs", "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "glosses": ["To be something or someone.", "Forms the perfect tense with some intransitive verbs."], "links": [["copulative", "copular verb"], ["be", "be"], ["something", "something"], ["someone", "someone"]], "raw_glosses": ["(copulative) To be something or someone.", "(auxiliary) Forms the perfect tense with some intransitive verbs."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "copulative"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English copulative verbs", "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "I know your actions: you aren't cold, but neither are you hot. I'd like it if you were either cold or hot.", "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 3:15, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:", "text": "I woot þi werkis · foꝛ nei[þer] þou art coold nei[þer] þou art hoot / I wolde þat þou were coold ei[þer] hoot", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:", "text": "[…]Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent[…]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To be something or someone."], "links": [["copulative", "copular verb"], ["be", "be"], ["something", "something"], ["someone", "someone"]], "raw_glosses": ["(copulative) To be something or someone."], "tags": ["copulative"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English auxiliary verbs"], "glosses": ["Forms various passive constructions."], "raw_glosses": ["(auxiliary) Forms various passive constructions."], "tags": ["auxiliary"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bøːn/", "tags": ["Early-Middle-English"]}, {"ipa": "/beːn/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "be"}, {"word": "bean"}, {"word": "ben"}, {"word": "beon"}, {"word": "boen"}, {"alt": "from *h₁ésti", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "seen"}, {"word": "sen"}], "word": "been"}

been (verb) been/Middle English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Early-Middle-English not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English suppletive verbs", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English verbs", "Pages with 10 entries", "Pages with entries", "enm:Brassicales order plants"], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "be"}, "expansion": "English: be", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "dialectal"}, "expansion": "(dialectal)", "name": "q"}], "text": "English: be; been (dialectal)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "be"}, "expansion": "Scots: be", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Scots: be"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "yol", "2": "ba", "alts": "1"}, "expansion": "Yola: ba, b', bee, be", "name": "desc"}], "text": "Yola: ba, b', bee, be"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*beun"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *beun", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰewHeti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewHeti", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From a conflation of Old English bēon and wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *beun and *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *beuną and *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewHeti (see Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-) and a conflation of *h₂wéseti and *h₁ésti.", "forms": [{"form": "is", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "beynge", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "was", "tags": ["first-person", "indicative", "past", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "been", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "irregular", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "enm-conj-irr", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "to been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "am", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["first-person", "present", "singular"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["first-person", "present", "singular"]}, {"form": "was", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["first-person", "past", "singular"]}, {"form": "art", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "second-person", "singular"]}, {"form": "bist", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "second-person", "singular"]}, {"form": "were", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "second-person", "singular"]}, {"form": "is", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "bith", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "was", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["present", "singular", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "were", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "singular", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "present", "singular"]}, {"form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "past", "singular"]}, {"form": "aren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present"]}, {"form": "are", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present"]}, {"form": "been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present"]}, {"form": "weren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "plural"]}, {"form": "were", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "plural"]}, {"form": "been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["plural", "present", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "weren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "plural", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "were", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["past", "plural", "subjunctive"]}, {"form": "beth", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "plural", "present"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "plural", "present"]}, {"form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["imperative", "past", "plural"]}, {"form": "beynge", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "beende", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "been", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "ybeen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "ybe", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "verb", "head": ""}, "expansion": "been", "name": "head"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "beynge", "3": "was", "4": "been"}, "expansion": "been (third-person singular simple present is, present participle beynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative was, past participle been)", "name": "enm-verb"}], "inflection_templates": [{"args": {"type": "been"}, "name": "enm-conj-irr"}], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["Middle English intransitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To be; to exist or have existence:", "To occur; to come to be."], "links": [["be", "be"], ["exist", "exist"], ["existence", "existence"], ["occur", "occur"], ["come", "come"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:", "(intransitive) To occur; to come to be."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English intransitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To be; to exist or have existence:", "To be with a certain quality or in a certain situation."], "links": [["be", "be"], ["exist", "exist"], ["existence", "existence"], ["quality", "quality"], ["situation", "situation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:", "(with adjective or adverb) To be with a certain quality or in a certain situation."], "raw_tags": ["with adjective or adverb"], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English intransitive verbs", "Middle English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To be; to exist or have existence:", "To be to or for someone or something."], "links": [["be", "be"], ["exist", "exist"], ["existence", "existence"], ["to", "to"], ["for", "for"], ["someone", "someone"], ["something", "something"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:", "(transitive) To be to or for someone or something."], "tags": ["intransitive", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English copulative verbs", "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "glosses": ["To be something or someone.", "To be someone's; to be in someone's possession."], "links": [["copulative", "copular verb"], ["be", "be"], ["something", "something"], ["someone", "someone"]], "raw_glosses": ["(copulative) To be something or someone.", "(with genitive) To be someone's; to be in someone's possession."], "tags": ["copulative", "with-genitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English auxiliary verbs", "Middle English copulative verbs", "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "As soon as Judas had awakened from his rest, / Thirty pieces of silver had been taken from him.", "ref": "c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 16-17; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:", "text": "Sone ſo iudaſ of ſlepe waſ awake. / þritti platen of ſelu[er] from hym weren itake.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To be something or someone.", "Forms the continuous present and perfect."], "links": [["copulative", "copular verb"], ["be", "be"], ["something", "something"], ["someone", "someone"]], "raw_glosses": ["(copulative) To be something or someone.", "(auxiliary) Forms the continuous present and perfect."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "copulative"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English auxiliary verbs", "Middle English copulative verbs", "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "glosses": ["To be something or someone.", "Forms the perfect tense with some intransitive verbs."], "links": [["copulative", "copular verb"], ["be", "be"], ["something", "something"], ["someone", "someone"]], "raw_glosses": ["(copulative) To be something or someone.", "(auxiliary) Forms the perfect tense with some intransitive verbs."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "copulative"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English copulative verbs", "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "I know your actions: you aren't cold, but neither are you hot. I'd like it if you were either cold or hot.", "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 3:15, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:", "text": "I woot þi werkis · foꝛ nei[þer] þou art coold nei[þer] þou art hoot / I wolde þat þou were coold ei[þer] hoot", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:", "text": "[…]Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent[…]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To be something or someone."], "links": [["copulative", "copular verb"], ["be", "be"], ["something", "something"], ["someone", "someone"]], "raw_glosses": ["(copulative) To be something or someone."], "tags": ["copulative"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English auxiliary verbs"], "glosses": ["Forms various passive constructions."], "raw_glosses": ["(auxiliary) Forms various passive constructions."], "tags": ["auxiliary"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bøːn/", "tags": ["Early-Middle-English"]}, {"ipa": "/beːn/"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "be"}, {"word": "bean"}, {"word": "ben"}, {"word": "beon"}, {"word": "boen"}, {"alt": "from *h₁ésti", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "seen"}, {"word": "sen"}], "word": "been"}