dreigen in Middle Dutch

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Etymology: From Old Dutch *threigen, of unclear origin. Etymology templates: {{inh|dum|odt|*threigen}} Old Dutch *threigen, {{unk|dum|unclear}} unclear Head templates: {{head|dum|verb|head=|head2=}} dreigen, {{dum-verb}} dreigen Inflection templates: {{dum-conj-wk|dreig}} Forms: weak [table-tags], dreigen [infinitive], dreigens [genitive, infinitive], dreigene [dative, infinitive], dreige [first-person, present, singular], - [first-person, past, singular], dreichs [present, second-person, singular], dreiges [present, second-person, singular], - [past, second-person, singular], dreicht [present, singular, third-person], dreiget [present, singular, third-person], - [past, singular, third-person], dreigen [first-person, plural, present], - [first-person, past, plural], dreicht [plural, present, second-person], dreiget [plural, present, second-person], - [past, plural, second-person], dreigen [plural, present, third-person], - [past, plural, third-person], dreige [present, singular, third-person], dreich [present, singular], dreige [present, singular], dreicht [plural, present], dreiget [plural, present], dreigende [participle, present], - [participle, past], drêgen [alternative]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "dreigen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: dreigen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: dreigen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "drèège"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: drèège",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: drèège"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*threigen"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *threigen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *threigen, of unclear origin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreigen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreigens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreigene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreige",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreichs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreiges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreicht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreiget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreigen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreicht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreiget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreigen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreige",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreige",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreicht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreiget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreigende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drêgen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "dreigen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "dreigen",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dreig"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to threaten, to intimidate"
      ],
      "id": "en-dreigen-dum-verb-qsXam0vZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "threaten",
          "threaten"
        ],
        [
          "intimidate",
          "intimidate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to warn"
      ],
      "id": "en-dreigen-dum-verb-xt8rl47a",
      "links": [
        [
          "warn",
          "warn"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "dreigen"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Middle Dutch verbs",
    "Middle Dutch weak verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "dreigen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: dreigen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: dreigen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "drèège"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: drèège",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: drèège"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*threigen"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *threigen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *threigen, of unclear origin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreigen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreigens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreigene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreige",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreichs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreiges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreicht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreiget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreigen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreicht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreiget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreigen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreige",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreige",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreicht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreiget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dreigende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drêgen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "dreigen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "dreigen",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dreig"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to threaten, to intimidate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "threaten",
          "threaten"
        ],
        [
          "intimidate",
          "intimidate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to warn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "warn",
          "warn"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "dreigen"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"dreigen" meaning in Middle Dutch

Verb