See copen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vercôpen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kopen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kopen\nAfrikaans: koop\nBerbice Creole Dutch: kopu\nNegerhollands: koop, kop\nSkepi Creole Dutch: kop",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kopen\nAfrikaans: koop\nBerbice Creole Dutch: kopu\nNegerhollands: koop, kop\nSkepi Creole Dutch: kop"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "koupe"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: koupe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: koupe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "la",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "cōpon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch cōpon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaupōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaupōn",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch cōpon, from Proto-West Germanic *kaupōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "côpen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "côpen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "côpens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "côpene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "côpe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "côpe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "côops",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "côpes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "côops",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "côpes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "côopt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côpet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côpe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côpen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "côpen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "côopt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côpet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côopt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "côpet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "côpen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côpen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côop",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "côpe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "côopt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "côpet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "côpende",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "côpen",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "côpen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "côpen"
},
"expansion": "côpen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "côp"
},
"name": "dum-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to buy"
],
"id": "en-copen-dum-verb-fi7Tk9Ul",
"links": [
[
"buy",
"buy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to trade"
],
"id": "en-copen-dum-verb-Wpfp3sTu",
"links": [
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to buy off"
],
"id": "en-copen-dum-verb-SSEbnpSW",
"links": [
[
"buy off",
"buy off"
]
]
}
],
"word": "copen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs",
"Middle Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "vercôpen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kopen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kopen\nAfrikaans: koop\nBerbice Creole Dutch: kopu\nNegerhollands: koop, kop\nSkepi Creole Dutch: kop",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kopen\nAfrikaans: koop\nBerbice Creole Dutch: kopu\nNegerhollands: koop, kop\nSkepi Creole Dutch: kop"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "koupe"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: koupe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: koupe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "la",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "cōpon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch cōpon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaupōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaupōn",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch cōpon, from Proto-West Germanic *kaupōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "côpen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "côpen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "côpens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "côpene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "côpe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "côpe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "côops",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "côpes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "côops",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "côpes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "côopt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côpet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côpe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côpen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "côpen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "côopt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côpet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côopt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "côpet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "côpen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côpen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "côop",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "côpe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "côopt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "côpet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "côpende",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "côpen",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "côpen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "côpen"
},
"expansion": "côpen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "côp"
},
"name": "dum-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to buy"
],
"links": [
[
"buy",
"buy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to trade"
],
"links": [
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to buy off"
],
"links": [
[
"buy off",
"buy off"
]
]
}
],
"word": "copen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for copen meaning in Middle Dutch (5.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: copen/Middle Dutch 'base form' base_tags={'infinitive'}",
"path": [
"copen"
],
"section": "Middle Dutch",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "copen",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.