"bugen" meaning in Middle Dutch

See bugen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Old Dutch *būgan. Etymology templates: {{root|dum|ine-pro|*bʰewgʰ-}}, {{dercat|dum|frk|gmw-pro|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=4}}, {{inh|dum|odt|*būgan}} Old Dutch *būgan Head templates: {{head|dum|verb|head=|head2=}} bugen, {{dum-verb}} bugen Inflection templates: {{dum-conj-st|bug|bôg|bōg|gebōgen|class=2}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], bugen [error-unrecognized-form, infinitive], bugens [genitive, infinitive], bugene [dative, infinitive], buge [first-person, indicative, present, singular], bôoch [first-person, indicative, past, singular], buge [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], bōge [first-person, past, singular, subjunctive], buuchs [indicative, present, second-person, singular], buges [indicative, present, second-person, singular], bōochs [indicative, past, second-person, singular], bōges [indicative, past, second-person, singular], buuchs [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], buges [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], bōges [past, second-person, singular, subjunctive], buucht [indicative, present, singular, third-person], buget [indicative, present, singular, third-person], bôoch [indicative, past, singular, third-person], buge [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], bōge [past, singular, subjunctive, third-person], bugen [first-person, indicative, plural, present], bōgen [first-person, indicative, past, plural], bugen [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], bōgen [first-person, past, plural, subjunctive], buucht [indicative, plural, present, second-person], buget [indicative, plural, present, second-person], bōocht [indicative, past, plural, second-person], bōget [indicative, past, plural, second-person], buucht [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], buget [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], bōget [past, plural, second-person, subjunctive], bugen [indicative, plural, present, third-person], bōgen [indicative, past, plural, third-person], bugen [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], bōgen [past, plural, subjunctive, third-person], buuch [imperative, indicative, present, singular], buge [imperative, indicative, present, singular], buucht [imperative, indicative, plural, present], buget [imperative, indicative, plural, present], bugende [imperative, participle, present], gebōgen [imperative, participle, past]
  1. to bend
    Sense id: en-bugen-dum-verb-ZsIWzAtu
  2. to bow (in submission)
    Sense id: en-bugen-dum-verb-TSH~L-sp
  3. to yield, to give way (to a force)
    Sense id: en-bugen-dum-verb-UH1uQtK3
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: gebugen, verbugen 
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "gebugen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "verbugen"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "buigen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: buigen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: buigen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "buge"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: buge",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: buge"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewgʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "gmw-pro",
        "4": "gem-pro",
        "5": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "4"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*būgan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *būgan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *būgan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bôoch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buuchs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōochs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buuchs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buucht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bôoch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buucht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōocht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buucht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buuch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buucht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gebōgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bugen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bugen",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bug",
        "2": "bôg",
        "3": "bōg",
        "4": "gebōgen",
        "class": "2"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bend"
      ],
      "id": "en-bugen-dum-verb-ZsIWzAtu",
      "links": [
        [
          "bend",
          "bend"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bow (in submission)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bugen-dum-verb-TSH~L-sp",
      "links": [
        [
          "bow",
          "bow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to yield, to give way (to a force)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bugen-dum-verb-UH1uQtK3",
      "links": [
        [
          "yield",
          "yield"
        ],
        [
          "give way",
          "give way"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bugen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch class 2 strong verbs",
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Frankish",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰewgʰ-",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Frankish",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch verbs",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "gebugen"
    },
    {
      "word": "verbugen"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "buigen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: buigen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: buigen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "buge"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: buge",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: buge"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰewgʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "gmw-pro",
        "4": "gem-pro",
        "5": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "4"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*būgan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *būgan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *būgan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bôoch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buuchs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōochs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buuchs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buucht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bôoch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buucht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōocht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buucht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bōgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buuch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buucht",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bugende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gebōgen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bugen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bugen",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bug",
        "2": "bôg",
        "3": "bōg",
        "4": "gebōgen",
        "class": "2"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bend"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bend",
          "bend"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bow (in submission)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bow",
          "bow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to yield, to give way (to a force)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "yield",
          "yield"
        ],
        [
          "give way",
          "give way"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bugen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bugen meaning in Middle Dutch (6.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: bugen/Middle Dutch 'base form' base_tags={'infinitive'}",
  "path": [
    "bugen"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Dutch",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "bugen",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.