"backen" meaning in Middle Dutch

See backen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Old Dutch *bakkan, *bakan, from Proto-West Germanic *bakan. Etymology templates: {{dercat|dum|frk|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}, {{inh|dum|odt|*bakkan}} Old Dutch *bakkan, {{inh|dum|gmw-pro|*bakan}} Proto-West Germanic *bakan Head templates: {{head|dum|verb|head=|head2=}} backen, {{dum-verb}} backen Inflection templates: {{dum-conj-wk|back}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], backen [error-unrecognized-form, infinitive], backens [genitive, infinitive], backene [dative, infinitive], backe [first-person, indicative, present, singular], - [first-person, indicative, past, singular], backe [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], - [first-person, past, singular, subjunctive], bacs [indicative, present, second-person, singular], backes [indicative, present, second-person, singular], - [indicative, past, second-person, singular], bacs [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], backes [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], - [past, second-person, singular, subjunctive], bact [indicative, present, singular, third-person], backet [indicative, present, singular, third-person], - [indicative, past, singular, third-person], backe [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], - [past, singular, subjunctive, third-person], backen [first-person, indicative, plural, present], - [first-person, indicative, past, plural], backen [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], - [first-person, past, plural, subjunctive], bact [indicative, plural, present, second-person], backet [indicative, plural, present, second-person], - [indicative, past, plural, second-person], bact [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], backet [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], - [past, plural, second-person, subjunctive], backen [indicative, plural, present, third-person], - [indicative, past, plural, third-person], backen [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], - [past, plural, subjunctive, third-person], bac [imperative, indicative, present, singular], backe [imperative, indicative, present, singular], bact [imperative, indicative, plural, present], backet [imperative, indicative, plural, present], backende [imperative, participle, present], - [imperative, participle, past], bāken [alternative]
  1. to bake
    Sense id: en-backen-dum-verb-nA1rQ20p
  2. to cling
    Sense id: en-backen-dum-verb-hW97U~uC Categories (other): Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 43 57
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: backelijc, backere, backerse, misbacken, verbacken 
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "backelijc"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "backere"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "backerse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "misbacken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "verbacken"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "bakken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: bakken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: bakken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "bakke"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: bakke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: bakke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "gem-pro",
        "4": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*bakkan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *bakkan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bakan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bakan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *bakkan, *bakan, from Proto-West Germanic *bakan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bacs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bacs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bact",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bact",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bact",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bac",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bact",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bāken",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "backen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "backen",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "back"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bake"
      ],
      "id": "en-backen-dum-verb-nA1rQ20p",
      "links": [
        [
          "bake",
          "bake"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cling"
      ],
      "id": "en-backen-dum-verb-hW97U~uC",
      "links": [
        [
          "cling",
          "cling"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "backen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch class 6 strong verbs",
    "Middle Dutch class 7 strong verbs",
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Frankish",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Frankish",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch verbs",
    "Middle Dutch weak verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "backelijc"
    },
    {
      "word": "backere"
    },
    {
      "word": "backerse"
    },
    {
      "word": "misbacken"
    },
    {
      "word": "verbacken"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "bakken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: bakken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: bakken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "bakke"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: bakke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: bakke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "gem-pro",
        "4": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*bakkan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *bakkan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bakan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bakan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *bakkan, *bakan, from Proto-West Germanic *bakan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bacs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bacs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bact",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bact",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bact",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bac",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bact",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bāken",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "backen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "backen",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "back"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bake"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bake",
          "bake"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to cling"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cling",
          "cling"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "backen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for backen meaning in Middle Dutch (5.9kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: backen/Middle Dutch 'base form' base_tags={'infinitive'}",
  "path": [
    "backen"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Dutch",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "backen",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (813e02a and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.