See sumpah in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms-old",
"2": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two main theories as to its etymology:\n* From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah.\n* From Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سومڤه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "sumpah-sumpah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumpahku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "sumpahmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sumpahnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "سومڤه"
},
"expansion": "sumpah (Jawi spelling سومڤه, plural sumpah-sumpah, informal 1st possessive sumpahku, 2nd possessive sumpahmu, 3rd possessive sumpahnya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 14 14 18 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An oath:",
"A solemn pledge or promise that invokes a deity, a ruler, or another entity (not necessarily present) to attest the truth of a statement or sincerity of one's desire to fulfill a contract or promise."
],
"id": "en-sumpah-ms-noun-jBulVuMU",
"links": [
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"solemn",
"solemn"
],
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
],
[
"deity",
"deity"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"attest",
"attest"
],
[
"truth",
"truth"
],
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"sincerity",
"sincerity"
],
[
"contract",
"contract"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 14 14 18 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An oath:",
"A statement or promise which is strengthened (affirmed) by such a pledge."
],
"id": "en-sumpah-ms-noun-lNNLCPHm",
"links": [
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"affirm",
"affirm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ikrar"
},
{
"word": "akuan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 14 14 18 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A promise."
],
"id": "en-sumpah-ms-noun-~cL0Y2zA",
"links": [
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "janji"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 14 14 18 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A curse word, a cussing word."
],
"id": "en-sumpah-ms-noun--vnGZiyy",
"links": [
[
"curse",
"curse"
],
[
"cussing",
"cuss"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kutuk"
},
{
"word": "maki"
},
{
"word": "tulah"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sumpah/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-pah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms-old",
"2": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two main theories as to its etymology:\n* From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah.\n* From Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سومڤه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "سومڤه"
},
"expansion": "sumpah (Jawi spelling سومڤه)",
"name": "ms-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 14 14 18 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I swear I didn't sleep with your husband!",
"text": "Aku sumpah, aku tak tidur dengan suami kau!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To swear, to promise."
],
"id": "en-sumpah-ms-verb-VWx60I8w",
"links": [
[
"swear",
"swear"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 14 14 18 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As she was executed, Mahsuri cursed Langkawi to seven generations of unrest.",
"text": "Sambil dihukum mati, Mahsuri menyumpah Langkawi supaya tidak aman selama tujuh keturunan.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To curse, to cuss, to swear."
],
"id": "en-sumpah-ms-verb-buLGkQjb",
"links": [
[
"curse",
"curse"
],
[
"cuss",
"cuss"
],
[
"swear",
"swear"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sumpah/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-pah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: sumpah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: sumpah"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms-old",
"2": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two main theories as to its etymology:\n* From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah.\n* From Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "sumpah",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malaysian Malay",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 57 5 7 2 22 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 61 4 6 1 22 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 6 8 3 21 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 14 14 18 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ambil sumpah"
},
{
"word": "balik sumpah"
},
{
"word": "makan sumpah"
},
{
"word": "sumpah besi kawi"
},
{
"word": "sumpah celur"
},
{
"word": "sumpah jilat besi"
},
{
"word": "sumpah keramat"
},
{
"word": "sumpah menyelam"
},
{
"word": "sumpah minum air keris"
},
{
"word": "sumpah palsu"
},
{
"word": "sumpah potong ayam"
},
{
"word": "sumpah Quran"
},
{
"word": "sumpah serapah"
},
{
"word": "sumpah serenah"
},
{
"word": "sumpah setia"
},
{
"word": "sumpah uji api"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "These spicy lamian are so mad filling, on God!",
"text": "Mi tarik pedas ni kasi kenyang gila, sumpah!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seriously, no joke, I swear, on God - emphasizing the seriousness or truthfulness of a statement."
],
"id": "en-sumpah-ms-adv-fI~bwSso",
"links": [
[
"seriously",
"seriously"
],
[
"no joke",
"no joke"
],
[
"I swear",
"I swear"
],
[
"on God",
"on God"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, Malaysia) seriously, no joke, I swear, on God - emphasizing the seriousness or truthfulness of a statement."
],
"tags": [
"Malaysia",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sumpah/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-pah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay adverbs",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay verbs",
"Malay verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Old Malay terms",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/pah"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms-old",
"2": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two main theories as to its etymology:\n* From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah.\n* From Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سومڤه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "sumpah-sumpah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumpahku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "sumpahmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sumpahnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "سومڤه"
},
"expansion": "sumpah (Jawi spelling سومڤه, plural sumpah-sumpah, informal 1st possessive sumpahku, 2nd possessive sumpahmu, 3rd possessive sumpahnya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An oath:",
"A solemn pledge or promise that invokes a deity, a ruler, or another entity (not necessarily present) to attest the truth of a statement or sincerity of one's desire to fulfill a contract or promise."
],
"links": [
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"solemn",
"solemn"
],
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
],
[
"deity",
"deity"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"attest",
"attest"
],
[
"truth",
"truth"
],
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"sincerity",
"sincerity"
],
[
"contract",
"contract"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An oath:",
"A statement or promise which is strengthened (affirmed) by such a pledge."
],
"links": [
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"affirm",
"affirm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ikrar"
},
{
"word": "akuan"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A promise."
],
"links": [
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "janji"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A curse word, a cussing word."
],
"links": [
[
"curse",
"curse"
],
[
"cussing",
"cuss"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kutuk"
},
{
"word": "maki"
},
{
"word": "tulah"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sumpah/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-pah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay adverbs",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay verbs",
"Malay verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Old Malay terms",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/pah"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms-old",
"2": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two main theories as to its etymology:\n* From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah.\n* From Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سومڤه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "سومڤه"
},
"expansion": "sumpah (Jawi spelling سومڤه)",
"name": "ms-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I swear I didn't sleep with your husband!",
"text": "Aku sumpah, aku tak tidur dengan suami kau!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To swear, to promise."
],
"links": [
[
"swear",
"swear"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As she was executed, Mahsuri cursed Langkawi to seven generations of unrest.",
"text": "Sambil dihukum mati, Mahsuri menyumpah Langkawi supaya tidak aman selama tujuh keturunan.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To curse, to cuss, to swear."
],
"links": [
[
"curse",
"curse"
],
[
"cuss",
"cuss"
],
[
"swear",
"swear"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sumpah/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-pah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay adverbs",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay verbs",
"Malay verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Old Malay terms",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/pah"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ambil sumpah"
},
{
"word": "balik sumpah"
},
{
"word": "makan sumpah"
},
{
"word": "sumpah besi kawi"
},
{
"word": "sumpah celur"
},
{
"word": "sumpah jilat besi"
},
{
"word": "sumpah keramat"
},
{
"word": "sumpah menyelam"
},
{
"word": "sumpah minum air keris"
},
{
"word": "sumpah palsu"
},
{
"word": "sumpah potong ayam"
},
{
"word": "sumpah Quran"
},
{
"word": "sumpah serapah"
},
{
"word": "sumpah serenah"
},
{
"word": "sumpah setia"
},
{
"word": "sumpah uji api"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: sumpah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: sumpah"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms-old",
"2": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two main theories as to its etymology:\n* From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah.\n* From Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "sumpah",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay colloquialisms",
"Malay terms with usage examples",
"Malaysian Malay"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "These spicy lamian are so mad filling, on God!",
"text": "Mi tarik pedas ni kasi kenyang gila, sumpah!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seriously, no joke, I swear, on God - emphasizing the seriousness or truthfulness of a statement."
],
"links": [
[
"seriously",
"seriously"
],
[
"no joke",
"no joke"
],
[
"I swear",
"I swear"
],
[
"on God",
"on God"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, Malaysia) seriously, no joke, I swear, on God - emphasizing the seriousness or truthfulness of a statement."
],
"tags": [
"Malaysia",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sumpah/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-pah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sumpah meaning in Malay (9.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Malay dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.